EEN24 - Coal-Fired & Nuclear Power Plant

Coal

-Most abundant fossil fuel and widely used as the source of energy in thermal power station

1. Peat

2. Lignite

3. Bituminous Coal

4. Subbituminous Coal

5. Anthracite

Kinds of Coal

1900s

The power plants were rated in the range of 1-10 MW unit output. The coal-fired steam generator with an economizer, evaporator, and a superheater is featured.

1984

Commissioned the first coal-fired power plant in the Philippines in Calaca Batangas operated by SEM Calaca Power Corp.

2019

Started commercial operations of the 500 MW power in facility of Mauban, Quezon

1. supply of fuel

2. availability of water

3. transportation facilities

4. nearness to the load center

5. cost and type of land

6. ash disposal

7. distance from populated areas

Factors need to consider on selection of site for thermal power plant

Peat

first geological step in coal’s formation

60 to 90% mixture content

5 to 20% carbon content

Lignite

lowest grade of coal

has high moisture and low heating value

Bituminous Coal

largest group of coal

60 to 80% carbon content

6 to 10% ash

pulverized form

has 6×10^6 cal/kg to 8.3×10^6 cal/kg calorific value

Subbituminous Coal

also known as black ignite

has high moisture content and low sulphur content

12 to 25% moisture content

20 to 40% carbon content

has 3.9×10^6 cal/kg to 6.1×10^^ cal/kg calorific

Anthracite

has high grade of coal

86 to 98% carbon content

burned slowly

has highest carbon but not highest in calorific value

Coal Bunker

aka coal silos

aka coal storage

Conveyor

transfer coal from the bunker to the pulverizer

Pulverizer

The machine used for grinding coal to smaller size

Coal Exhaust

A fan that blows the pulverized coal into the furnace

Burners

Openings in the furnace walls where the coal enters the furnace

Forced Draft Fan

forces air into the furnace to aid in the combustion process

Igniter

gas or oil serves as the starting fuel to bring heat up in the furnace

Induced Draft Fan

Used to draw the gases out of the furnace

Ash tank

bottom ash is removed from the furnace and dropped in to an ash tank

Electrical Precipitator

it gathers fly ash and keeps it from being released into the atmosphere

1. Settling Chamber

2. Cyclone or Centrifugal Separators

3. Mechanical Dust Collectors

4. Electrical Precipitator (ESP)

Methods of Dust Collection

Settling Chamber

Decelerating the velocity of flue gases below the free-falling velocity of the particles in it

A whirling column of gas is produced by means of axial or tangential vane into the cylindrical body

Cyclone or Centrifugal Separators

Wet Dust Collectors

Dust is washed away from the flue gases by spraying water on it

Dry Dust Collectors

Baffles are placed in the path of the exhaust gases after striking dust particles with baffles, the dust particles will settle out

Electrical Precipitator (ESP)

When gas contaminated by dust particles is passed into chamber, the charged particles are deflected on to collecting plates due to electric force acting on it

Stack

commonly known as the chimney