Sigelman_10e_PPT_Ch04

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Psychology

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24 Terms

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Endocrine System

A system in the body that produces hormones to regulate various functions, including growth and development.

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Myelination

The process of forming a myelin sheath around nerves to speed transmission of impulses, crucial for development.

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Cephalocaudal Principle

Growth that proceeds from the head toward the feet.

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Proximodistal Principle

Growth that develops from the center of the body outward to the extremities.

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Orthogenetic Principle

Development starts globally and undifferentiated and moves towards increasing differentiation and hierarchical integration.

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Biopsychosociocultural Model

A model that incorporates biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors to explain health.

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Synaptogenesis

The growth and development of synapses in the brain, particularly during childhood.

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Synaptic Pruning

The process of removing unnecessary or weak synapses to improve brain efficiency.

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Lateralization

The specialization of brain functions in the left and right hemispheres.

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Neurogenesis

The process of generating new neurons throughout life.

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Neurocognitive Maintenance

The regular upkeep of brain health and function.

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Health Disparity

Differences in health outcomes associated with social, economic, and environmental disadvantages.

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Osteoporosis

A disease characterized by fragile bones due to severe mineral loss.

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Adrenarche

The period of maturation where adrenal hormones contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

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Menarche

The first occurrence of menstruation in females, typically between ages 11 and 15.

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Semenarche

A boy's first ejaculation, around age 13.

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PMS

Premenstrual syndrome, which includes symptoms like bloating and mood changes.

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Andropause

The gradual decrease in testosterone levels in aging males.

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Culturally Competent Care

Healthcare that is sensitive to the cultural needs and values of patients.

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Congenital Malformations

Defects present at birth, leading to significant health issues.

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Plasticity (in the brain)

The brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experience.

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Motor Vehicle Crashes

The leading cause of death in children, associated with accidents.

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Obesity

Being significantly overweight, associated with numerous health risks.

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Diabetes

A chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood.