Studied by 110 people
experimental
A focus on scientifically changing conditions, variations created by the researcher, and tight control all describe what type of research?
differential
A focus on existing conditions, variations between groups that the researcher couldn’t have created, and the uncontrolled all describe what type of research?
individual differences
experimental psychologist see ______ ______ as the source of error
differences, IV
the ideal in an experimental research is that the _________ are solely caused by the ___
treatment variation
differential psychologists see ______ ________ as source of error
external validity
this is the extent to which we can generalize the current study to the settings and population of interest
internal validity
This describes the extent to which a cause-and-effect relationship established in a study cannot be explained by other factors.
random assignment
this is when all participants are equally likely to be assigned to experimental conditions
counter balancing
this is when the order of experimental conditions are varied across participants. it is also a signal that a study is within subjects design
within subjects
this type of design studies multiple levels of iv from the same subjects
between subjects
this type of design studies the manipulation of levels of IV that occur between subjects
true
this type of experiment is when the IV is truly manipulated, such as weather someone is given a drug or not
quasi
this type of experiment is one where there are different levels of the IV but it is not truly manipulated, such as creating groups based off gender
confounds
these are uncontrolled factors that can influence that comparison between experimental and control conditions
textbook type
In this study, you have set up two classes and will be comparing their final grades. The students will select their class and one will have an e-textbook while another will have a print. What is the IV?
2, print vs e
In this study, you have set up two classes and will be comparing their final grades. The students will select their class and one will have an e-textbook while another will have a print. What is the level of the design and are are the levels?
between subjects
In this study, you have set up two classes and will be comparing their final grades. The students will select their class and one will have an e-textbook while another will have a print. What type of design is this experiment?
grades
In this study, you have set up two classes and will be comparing their final grades. The students will select their class and one will have an e-textbook while another will have a print. What is the DV?
quasi
In this study, you have set up two classes and will be comparing their final grades. The students will select their class and one will have an e-textbook while another will have a print. What type of experiment is this?
history
this threat to internal validity is when a historical event happens that could produce change in an experimental group
history
During a study of college students feeling about the fear of illness, a global pandemic shuts down the school in-between two of the group meetings. This is an example of this type of history
maturation
Biological or psychological changes between pre and post test that should effect the training and control groups are this type of internal validity?
testing
This threat to internal validity is when both groups take a pre-test and the reactivity to the tests should be equivalent
instrumentation
this threat to internal validity is when recording instruments decay or theres inconsistency within an observation or other issues
regression
this threat to internal validity is the tendency for scores to be less extreme on the second test in relation to the first test
selection
this threat to validity is not a problem is large samples and random assignment are used.
mortality
the threat to internal validity that refers to lost cases of data
attrition
when people don’t finish a study
Hawthorne effect
this phenomenon states that changes in behavior can result from either an individual knowing they are in an experiment or because of some change from the typical environment
demand
these characteristics are unintended aspects of a study that indicate to subject how they should behave
hawthorne
When running a study about musics effects on mood, you have participants listen to either classical or rock music while doing a task and then fill out a self report of their mood. However, a few of the participants can piece together that classical musical is believed to have calming effects and answers based on that knowledge instead of their experience. this would be an example of what effect?
within subjects
Due to experiencing multiple conditions, this type of study can have a greater opportunity for subjects to ‘figure out’ the study and act upon the demand characteristics
placebo
this effect causes changes in behavior or physiological responses based on a suggestion or idea that change should occur, not the introduction of something that would cause those changes
no contact
this control group just comes into the study, does the pre test, then comes in x amount of time later to doe the post test
active
this type of control group comes in and does the same number of visits and work in the lab as the experimental group does but doesn’t get the iv activity
illusory
this type of placebo effect is when the theres a subjective belief that intervention was effective, even though objective data indicates theres no effect
manipulation
this type of bias check deals with collecting additional data from participants to see if they vary in their beliefs about the experimental purpose is
blind
this type of way to deal with bias is when participants are unaware of what condition they are in
double blind
this type of way to deal with bias is when both the observer(s) and participants are unaware of what conditions they are in
equivalent groups
this is the biggest problem for between-subjects designs
order effect
this is the biggest problems for within subjects design
random
this type of group assignment is when each participant has equal opportunity to be placed in any of the various conditions for IVs
matching
this type of group assignment chooses a variable that participants must be measured for before hand. Then participants are put into groups so that each group has an equal amount of said variable
order effect
when a the results of a test are effect by the order of how the tests are taken. This could be due to fatigue, practice, or carryover
counterbalancing
this is a way to deal with order effects by changing the the order that the levels of IV are presented to different subjects
latin square
this type of counterbalance is when every level of IV occurs equally often in each possible position
cross sectional
this type of developmental study, compares individuals of different age groups at one time simultaneously
longitudinal
this type of developmental study compares the same individuas across multiple testing sessions
sequential
this type of developmental study combines cross sectional and longitudinal studies where a new cohort is added each time a test session occurs
cohort
groups of age that tend to be based on cultures/generations
cross sectional
Troyer is conducting a study with two groups, one older and younger, and measures their verbal fluency. this is an example of what type developmental experiment
sequential
Schaie uses that same battery of tests every 7 years. She started with one group that gets retested every 7 years and adds another group that matches the previous age every time she retests. This is an example of what type of developmental experiment
longitudinal
Turner took a group of 6 year olds and tests their memory every 6 years. This is an example of what type of developmental design
single factor
this type of experiment can be between or within subjects but has 1 IV that can have 2 or more levels
2
To figure out of fidget spinners are helpful or not, Marice takes a group of students and has them independently watch two videos. During one video they will have a spinner and during the other they will not, and it is randomized when/which video that will happen in. After each video they have a short memory of the video task. How many levels is the IV?
spinner present or not
To figure out of fidget spinners are helpful or not, Marice takes a group of students and has them independently watch two videos. During one video they will have a spinner and during the other they will not, and it is randomized when/which video that will happen in. After each video they have a short memory of the video task. What are the two IV levels?
within
To figure out of fidget spinners are helpful or not, Marice takes a group of students and has them independently watch two videos. During one video they will have a spinner and during the other they will not, and it is randomized when/which video that will happen in. After each video they have a short memory of the video task. What type of design was this subject?
3
To study number memory in relation to schizophrenia, Johny measures memory from 3 groups: schizophrenia present, schizophrenia relation but not present, and not relation. How many levels is the IV?
between subjects
To study number memory in relation to schizophrenia, Johny measures memory from 3 groups: schizophrenia present, schizophrenia relation but not present, and not relation. What type of design is this experiment?
number memory
To study number memory in relation to schizophrenia, Johny measures memory from 3 groups: schizophrenia present, schizophrenia relation but not present, and not relation. What is the DV?
quasi
To study number memory in relation to schizophrenia, Johny measures memory from 3 groups: schizophrenia present, schizophrenia relation but not present, and not relation. What type of experiment is this?
3
To study the effect of sound on intelligence, Benny takes 3 groups of college students. Each student takes 3 intelligence tests and during each one listens to either music, relaxation, silence. How many levels is the IV?
within subjects
To study the effect of sound on intelligence, Benny takes 3 groups of college students. Each is assigned a sound, music, relaxation, and silence, to listen to while taking an intelligence test. What type of design is the experiment?
ANOVA
once you get beyond a simple single IV at 2 levels what test do you do?
factorial
What is an experiment with at least 2 independent variables?
3x4x2
How would an experiment that has 3 independent variables, one with 3 levels, one with 4, and a final one with 2
Mixed factorial
What type of design has one independent variable that’s between subjects and another independent variable is within subjects?
learning style, teaching methods
A study was done observing learning styles. Groups of students were broken up into wether they are visual or tactile learning styles and then had two lessons in different methods, one that was visual and one tactile. After each lesson, they took a quiz over it. What are the two independent variables?
2x2
A study was done observing learning styles. Groups of students were broken up into wether they are visual or tactile learning styles and then had two lessons, one that was visual and one tactile. After each lesson, they took a quiz over it. What is the factorial notation?
between subjects
A study was done observing learning styles. Groups of students were broken up into wether they are visual or tactile learning styles and then had two lessons, one that was visual and one tactile. After each lesson, they took a quiz over it. What type of design is the learning style IV?
within subjects
A study was done observing learning styles. Groups of students were broken up into wether they are visual or tactile learning styles and then had two lessons, one that was visual and one tactile. After each lesson, they took a quiz over it. What type of design is the teaching method using?
mixed factorial
A study was done observing learning styles. Groups of students were broken up into wether they are visual or tactile learning styles and then had two lessons, one that was visual and one tactile. After each lesson, they took a quiz over it. What design is the experiment?
aptitude by treatment
_________ __ _________ interaction attempts to minimize the differences between low and higher performers by elevating the lower performer
main effect
What is the overall effect of an IV on the DV in the study called?
3
I have a 2x5x3 study. How many main effect did I have?
interactions
The effects of one of the IV changes due to the function of the level of a different IV are called
2x2
You are doing a study on the effects on lighting and story on a Childs sleep. The lighting will vary by being present or it being dark and the story will be dependent on being neutral or scary. What is the notation of the experiment?
light, story
You are doing a study on the effects on lighting and story on a Childs sleep. The lighting will vary by being present or it being dark and the story will be dependent on being neutral or scary. What are the independent variables?
sleep quality
You are doing a study on the effects on lighting and story on a Childs sleep. The lighting will vary by being present or it being dark and the story will be dependent on being neutral or scary. What is the DV?
between subjects
You are doing a study on the effects on lighting and story on a Childs sleep. The lighting will vary by being present or it being dark and the story will be dependent on being neutral or scary. There are 80 children in the study and each of the 4 options (light & scary, light & neutral, dark & scar, dark & neutral). What type of design are the variables?
20
You are doing a study on the effects on lighting and story on a Childs sleep. The lighting will vary by being present or it being dark and the story will be dependent on being neutral or scary. There are 80 children in the study and each of the 4 options (light & scary, light & neutral, dark & scar, dark & neutral). If the groups are equal, how many participants are in each group?
ANOVA
You are currently conducting a single factor design with 4 levels. What type of statistical test will you conduct?
5x2
what is the notation of this experiment?
text, location
what is the IV(s)?
quiz performance
what is the dv?
Note 
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