science 9, quarter 3, exam reviewer

volcanoes

mountain of molten rock w a crater

active volcano

has a record of eruption within 10,000 years

inactive/dormant volcano

no record of eruption within 10,000 years but can still erupt

volcanic ash

rice grain sized fragments of debris

volcanic dust

very fine fragments of debris

volcanic bomb

large fragments of debris

volcanic process

eruptive and non eruptive activities of a volcano

crater

funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano

caldera

larger crater

strombolian

fountain lava

vulcanian

tall eruption

plinian

excessively explosive

cindercones

scoria cones, simplest

composite volcanoes

stratovolcano, alternating layers

shield volcanoes

gently sloping landform

volcanic domes

lava dome, rounded, steep sided mound

super volcanoes

produces largest eruptions

submarine volcanoes

underwater fissures

subglacial volcanoes

glaciovolcano, beneath glacier

PHILVOLCS

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

climate

average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time

weather

condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time

tropical

no winter, above 18 degrees c

tropical wet

hot and rainy all year

tropical wet and dry

always hot with alternating wet and dry seasons

dry

precipitation is deficient during most of the year

arid

true desert, very hot summers and mild or cold winters

semiarid

receive higher precipitation that arid

temperate climate

winters are mild, coldest month has an average temperature of below 18 but above -3

marine west coast

coolest temperate climate, mild to cool winters with warm summers

mediterranean

warmer and drier, warm summers and mild rainy winters

humid subtropical

warmest, humid summers and cold winters

continental climate

severe winters

humid continental

humid, mild summers and cool winters

subarctic climate

short summers and long cool winters

polar climate

coldest climate

tundra

always cold with short summers

ice cap

coldest climate on earth

windward side

warm, moist air, cold

leeward side

dry air, hot

mitigation

reduce greenhouse gas emission

adaptation

reduce harmful effects of greenhouse gases

star

massive ball of gas that emits light

luminosity

amount of light that a star radiates

apparent magnitude

the brightness of a star as seen from Earth

absolute magnitude

the actual brightness of a star

star cluster

group of stars or star clouds

globular cluster

old stars arranged in a round shape in the middle of the milky way

open cluster

loos group of stars that are young

constellation

star patterns named after animals gods and heroes, 88

parallax

apparent motion of nearby stars