Maintenance requirements

Flashcards covering vital concepts and terminologies related to animal nutrient requirements and metabolism.

Maintenance & non-productive functions

Essential for maintaining an animal’s basic metabolic functions and activities.

NASEM

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, formerly known as the NRC.

Nutrient Requirements

Guidelines published for various animal species on their nutritional needs.

Energy Requirement

Considered first in balancing a diet, dictating the need for other nutrients.

Broken-Stick Model

A model illustrating that nutrient requirements change at a breakpoint related to energy supply.

Nutrient Partitioning

The process of directing nutrients to where they are most needed in the body.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.

Homeorhesis

Coordination of metabolism to support a dominant physiological process.

Basal Metabolism

The minimal metabolic rate required to sustain basic bodily functions at rest.

Species Variation

Differences in metabolic rates and requirements among different animal species.

Thyroid Hormones

Hormones produced by the thyroid gland that regulate metabolic rate.

Castration

The surgical removal of male reproductive organs; can affect metabolic rates.

Glucocorticoids

A class of hormones that regulate metabolism and response to stress.

Catecholamines

Hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine that respond to stress.

β-adrenergic agonists

Compounds used to increase lean muscle gain by mimicking catecholamine action.

Dilution of Maintenance

The process increasing efficiency of feed conversion to product during production.

Maintenance Requirement

The nutrient amounts required to maintain an animal at zero nutrient gain or loss.

Energy for Maintenance

Energy needed to sustain an animal's normal physiological functions.

Muscular Work Regulation

The control of energy expenditure during physical activity.

Thermo-Neutral Zone

Range of ambient temperatures where the heat from metabolism maintains body temperature.

Compensatory Gain

Increased weight gain observed in animals after a period of undernutrition.

Induced Lactation

The process triggered by hormonal signals to enable milk production.

Energy Expenditure

Total amount of energy used by an organism for various activities.

Growth Requirements

Nutritional demands needed for tissue growth and development.

Digestion

The process of breaking down food into nutrients the body can use.

Absorption

The uptake of nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream.

Metabolism

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

Excretion

The process of eliminating waste products from the body.

Hormonal Regulation

The process by which hormones influence the metabolism of nutrients.

Signal Transduction

The process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell.

Maintenance Energy Requirement (MER)

The energy needed to maintain an animal's weight without gain or loss.

Nutritional Status

The condition of an animal's nutrient reserves, affecting metabolism.

Physiological State

An animal's condition affecting nutritional requirements, such as growth or lactation.

Body Condition Score

A numerical scale that measures the fat cover and body mass of an animal.

Muscle Tissue Priority

The ranking of nutrient allocation favoring muscle growth over other tissues.

Temperature Regulation

Homeostatic processes for maintaining body temperature within a desired range.

Energy Conversion Efficiency

The measure of how effectively feed energy is turned into weight gain.

Feedstuffs

Materials consumed by animals, including grains, forages, and supplements.

Basal Heat Production (BHP)

The baseline energy expenditure of an organism at rest.

Caloric Needs of Organs

The specific energy requirements for functioning organs and tissues.

Maintenance of GIT

The energy costs associated with the gastrointestinal tract's upkeep.

Metabolic Costs

The energy required for normal physiological functions and processes.

Nutrient Signals

Chemical signals that regulate nutrient metabolism and usage.

Energy Intake

The total amount of energy consumed through food intake.

Nutrient Demand

The requirement for nutrients based on physiological needs.

Age Factors

The impact of an animal's age on metabolic and nutritional needs.

Gender Differences

The effects of biological sex on metabolic rates and nutrient requirements.

Stress Hormones

Hormones released in response to stress that impact metabolism.

Anabolic Hormones

Hormones that promote tissue growth and nutrient storage.

Nutrient Availability

The accessibility of nutrients necessary for metabolic functions.