Bio 171 Anatomy and Physiology intrp

Anatomy

Is the study of the structure of body part and their relation to one another

Physiology

The study of the functions of the body

Gross anatomy

the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

Regional anatomy

looks at just one system ex: cardiovascular

Regional anatomy

look at all structures in a petical area of body

Surface anatomy

looks at internal structures as they relate overlying skin ( visible muscles masses or veins seen on the surface )

Microscopic anatomy

deals with structures too small to see with naked eye

Cytology

Study of cells

Histology

study of tissues

Developmental anatomy

traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

Embryology

study of developmental changes that occur before birth

Palpate

to feel with hands

Auscultate

listening with a stethoscope

Renal physiology

Study of how the kidneys work

Neurophysiology

The study of how to nevos system works

Cardiovascular physiology

The study of the heart and blood vessels work

What is needed to study physiology?

one must understand basic chemical and physical principles 

principle of complementarity of structure and function

Function always reflects a structure and structure always depends on its specific form

Chemical level

atoms and molecules

cellular

cells and their organelles

Tissue level

groups and similar cells

organ level

conations two or more types of tissues

Organ system

set(s) of organs that work close together

Organism

All of the organ systems working together

Responsiveness (excitability)

Ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and respond to them

Digestion

Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules and their absorption into the blood

Metabolism

All chemical reactions that occur in body cells

Excretion

Removal of waste

Reproduction

two leves

• At the cellular level, reproduction involves division of cells for growth or repair

• At the organismal level, reproduction is the production of offspring

Growth

Increase in size of a body part or of organism

Why do we need water?

It provides the most the watery environment needed for chemical reactions

What do we need for survival

water

Normal body temp

Appropriate atmospheric pressure - helps with adequate breathing and gas exchange

Oxygen

Nutrients

What does oxygen help with?

essential for metabolic reactions needed to release energy from foods

why doe we need nutrients?

Chemicals for energy and cells building