AP Psych 5B cognitive restructuring - lithium

Cognitive restructuring

a person learns to notice and change unrealistic or unhelpful patterns of thought

Fear hierarchies

listing and ranking activities that cause anxiety and then confronting them one at a time, moving from least scary to most scary

Cognitive triad

negative thoughts about oneself, the future, and the world

Applied behavior analysis

focus on using conditioning to address disorders

Exposure therapy

treating anxiety through exposure to that which you normally avoid (in imagination or actuality)

Systematic desensitization

conditioning a patient to replace anxious feelings with relaxed feelings using a step-by-step approach (show picture of spider, show real spider, then make you touch it)

Aversion therapy

An unpleasant state is associated with an unwanted behavior. (Ex. bedwetting diaper shock)

Token economy

Rewarding desired behavior (operant conditioning) Ex. Reward a child with ADHD when they participate in class. Reward could be candy, points

Biofeedback

Using conditioning to teach a person to regulate their body systems, such as the sympathetic nervous system

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

combines techniques from cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy to address thoughts and behavior

dialectical behavior therapy

uses group and individual sessions to teach emotion regulation skills through mindfulness, self-reflection, and conversations with a therapist

Rational emotive behavioral therapy

therapist points out and challenges dysfunctional thinking that causes unhealthy behaviors and helps client replace them with positive thoughts and productive behaviors

Unconditional positive regard

respecting, loving or accepting the person no matter what

Active listening

listener shows they are paying attention to the speaker by reflecting main points and emotions back to them

Group therapy

people meet regularly with those with similar issues to interact and help one another achieve insight into feelings and behaviors.

Hypnosis

a changed state of consciousness that allows for increased relaxation, focus, and openness to suggestion. Useful for treating pain and anxiety, but research does not support using it to uncover childhood trauma.

Antidepressant drug

usually attempt to increase serotonin or norepinephrine ex. Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Increase the amount of serotonin

Antianxiety drug

increase GABA, depress the central nervous system ex. Xanax, Valium (barbiturates/tranquilizers)

Lithium

interferes with and reduces action potentials, used to treat bipolar disorder