CLS 442 RBC Lecture 1

Leukocytosis definition

increased WBCs

Leukopenia definition

Decreased WBCs

Neutrophilia definition

Increased neutrophils

Neutropenia definition

Decreased neutrophils

Lymphocytosis definition

Increased lymphocytes

Lymphopenia definition

Decreased lymphocytes

Monocytosis definition

Increased monocytes

Monocytopenia definition

Decreased monocytes

Left shift definition

Increased immature neutrophil forms(bands,myelocytes)

Left shift commonly occurs during (—) or (—)

• Acute bacterial infection

• Severe inflammation

Leukemoid rxn definition

marked increase in WBCs caused by an underlying conditions such as inflammation

Toxic granulation definition

coarse, dark granules in neutrophils caused by accelerated neutrophil prod. during severe inf.

Anemia definition

decrease in hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, circulating red cell mass

Anemia reduces the blood’s (—) capacity

blood oxygen’s

Leukemia definition

malignant disorder of blood forming tissue characterized by abnormal leukocytes or their precursors in the BM

Agranulocytosis definition

severe reduction of granulocytes(esp. neutrophils)

Polychromasia definition

bluish grey presence immature RBCs(reticulocytes)

Polychromasia indicates increased (—) RBC prod.

bone marrow

Polychromatophilia definition

RBCs that stain acidic and basic dyes= bluish grey color from residual RBC

Anisochromia definition

varian in degree of RBC staining or hemoglobinization

Anisocytosis definition

variation in RBC size reflected by increased RDW

Poikilocytosis definition

variation in RBC shape

What can be seen in poikilocytosis (4)

• target cells

• sickle cells

• elliptocytes

• teardrop cells

Basophilia definition

increased basophils

Basophilia is commonly associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms such as (—)

chronic myeloid leukemia

Hemoglobin definition

iron rich protein in RBCs that carries oxygen from lungs to the rest of your body and carbon dioxide back to lungs

What are routine heme lab tests (2)

• CBC and WBC differential

• PBS or PBF staining and examination

What are advanced heme lab tests (4)

• flowcytometry

• molecular diagnostics

• cytogenetics

• cytochemical stains

What are additional heme lab tests (4)

• GP6D phenotyping

• SDS-PAGE

• High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC

• Body fluid analysis

Flowcytometry is done for (—)

immunophenotyping

Molecular diagnostics is done for (—)

gene mutations

Cytogenetics is done for (—)

chromosomal changes/translocations

SDS-PAGE is done for (—) or (—)

• hereditary spherocytosis

• vWD

HPLC is done for (—)

• Sickle Cell Disease

Body fluid analysis is done for (—)

cell count

What are the components of a CBC report (3)

• RBC parameters

• WBC parameters

• PLT parameters

Hct definition on CBC

percentage of whole blood made up of RBCs

MPV definition on CBC

mean plt volume

PDW definition on CBC

variation in plt size

PCT definition on CBC

• aka plateletcrit

• volume % occupied by plts

What are RBC indices(4)

• MCV

• MCH

• MCHC

• RDW

MCV definition

average RBC volume

MCH definition

average hemoglobin mass per RBC

MCHC definition

average hemoglobin concentration within RBCs

RDW definition

variation in RBC size

he anticoagulant of choice for hematology?

EDTA

what color tube is used in hematology?

lavender purple top

Prepare a PBS preferably within (—) hours

2-3

if testing is delayed, EDTA blood is generally refrigerated at (—)℃

2-8

what are short-draw effects(6)

• RBC shrinkage

• Falsely decreased MCV

• Falsely decreased HCT

• Falsely increased MCHC

• Altered WBC morph.

• PLT distortion

specimen overexposure to EDTA causes (—) and (—)

• cell deterioration

• RBC/PLT swelling

Hematopoietic cells definition

blood forming cells and their developing descendants

What is the basis of Romanowsky staining in hematopoietic cells?

interaction of acidic and basic dyes with oppositely charged components of hematopoietic cells

In Romanowsky staining, acidic structures bind (—) becoming (—)

• basic

• blue-purple

In Romanowsky staining, basic structures bind (—) becoming (—)

• acidic

• pink-red

Hematopoiesis defintion

continuous production, differentiation, and maturation of all blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells

Hematopoiesis occurs primarily in the (—)

Bone marrow

What are the phases of hematopoiesis (3)

• megaloblastic phase

• hepatic phase

• myeloid/medullary phase

Erythropoiesis definition

production and maturation of RBCs in the bone marrow

What are the growth factors in erythropoiesis (6)

• Erythropoietin

• Stem cell factors

• IL-3

• GM-CSF

• Insulin-like growth factor 1

• Nutrients (iron, vit b12, folate, vit b6)

Erythropoietin definition

key regulator of erythropoiesis which stimulates progenitor survival, proliferation, and maturation

Common myeloid progenitor gives rise to what 5 cells

• erythrocytes

• megakaryocytes

• platelets

• granulocytes

• monocytes

Burst-forming unit-erythroid(BFU-E)

early committed erythroid progenitor which can divide and form large colonies or bursts

Colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E)

later erythroid progenitor which produces erthroid colonies

CFU-E is highly dependent on (—)

EPO

CFU-E develops into the first morphologically recognizable erythroid precursor (—)

proerythroblast

Erythroid definition

development of RBCs

what are morphologically recognizable erythroid precursors (6)

• proerythroblast

• basophilic erythroblast

• polychromatophilic erythroblast

• orthochromic erythroblast

• reticulocyte

• mature erythrocytye

Heme= (—) + (—)

• Fe2+

• protoporphyrin IX

When Hb binds O2 readily in the lungs, this indicates what?

high O2 affinity

When Hb unloads O2 in the tissues, this indicates what?

low O2 affinity

A sigmoid shape of the O2 dissociation curve indicates that Hb O2 affinity is directly (—) with O2 tension

correlated