Animal Science and Technology Practice Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering animal science terminology, management standards, nutritional calculations, and breed characteristics based on a 100-item examination transcript.

Boar Taint

An offensive odor in the meat of intact male pigs caused by hormones, which is prevented by castrating males not intended for breeding.

Isthmus

The specific section of the sow's reproductive tract (specifically the first $2 \text{ to } 4 \text{ cm}$) where a sperm reservoir is formed after artificial insemination to await ovulation.

Proventriculus

The organ in the avian digestive system known as the "true stomach," where gastric juices are secreted.

Brahman

A Bos indicus cattle breed characterized by physiological adaptations like loose skin and humps for heat dissipation, and known for a gestation period of approximately $290+ \text{ days}$.

Upgrading

The breeding practice of mating a purebred sire (e.g., a Brahman bull) to a non-descript native cow to improve herd quality over several generations.

Net Energy ($NE$)

The energy value calculated by subtracting the heat increment (heat of digestion and metabolism) from the Metabolizable Energy ($ME$).

Kulitis ($\text{Amarantus}$)

A specific Philippine plant known to cause Nitrate Poisoning, also referred to as "Brown blood," in livestock.

Weaving

An equine behavioral stereotypy characterized by the rhythmic moving of the head and neck from side to side, often caused by confinement or separation stress.

Corn spots

Regions of solid-colored coat that grow back after the skin of a Roan horse is damaged by an injury, scrape, or brand.

Berkshire

A swine breed classified as a "sire line" featuring a black body with six white points, known for excellent meat quality and disease resistance.

Pekin

A white-plumaged duck breed originating from China that serves as the foundation for the commercial broiler duck industry.

Khaki Campbell

An "egg-type" duck breed originating from England.

Trot

A rapid two-beat diagonal equine gait where the forefoot and opposite hind foot strike the ground simultaneously.

Reticulum

The ruminant stomach compartment that serves as the "pacemaker" for rumen contractions and facilitates the process of regurgitation.

Feed Conversion Ratio ($FCR$)

A measure of efficiency calculated by dividing the total feed consumed by the total live weight gain (e.g., $15,000 \text{ kg}$ of feed per $6,000 \text{ kg}$ of gain equals an $FCR$ of $2.50$).

Biological Value ($BV$)

A measure of protein quality; an example provided is $87.5\%$ when an animal takes in $100 \text{ g}$ of Nitrogen and excretes $20 \text{ g}$ in feces and $10 \text{ g}$ in urine.

Production Efficiency Factor ($PEF$)

A Performance metric for broilers; for a batch with $98\%$ harvest recovery, $1.75 \text{ kg}$ average live weight, $35 \text{ days}$ of age, and $1.6 \text{ FCR}$, the $PEF$ is $306.3$.

Exudative Epidermitis

Also known as "Greasy Pig Disease," a condition in farrowing houses managed by clipping needle teeth and maintaining a clean, dry environment.

Caponizing

The surgical removal of the testicles in chickens, typically performed at $2 \text{ months}$ of age to improve meat quality.

Head bail

A specific piece of equipment in cattle handling facilities used to secure an animal's head and neck for procedures like artificial insemination.

Toxin Binders

Feed additives used for the detoxification of mycotoxin-contaminated feeds by blocking their absorption in the digestive tract.

Irregular Return (Swine)

A sow returning to estrus approximately $30 \text{ days}$ after breeding, indicating failure to receive the second embryonic signal between days $17 \text{ and } 30$.

Regular Return (Swine)

A sow returning to heat approximately $21 \text{ days}$ after mating, suggesting a failure of conception or failure to receive the first embryonic signal.

Century egg

A processed duck egg characterized by a grayish-green yolk and grayish translucent albumen.

Philippine Carabao

A "Swamp type" buffalo breed primarily used for draft work.

Dental star

A mark on the grinding surface of horse incisors used for aging; its appearance on the intermediate incisors suggests an age of $9 \text{ years}$.