Chemistry- electron quantum coupling

EDEXCELL CHEMISTRY

What do you call the space where electrons orbit around the nucleus?

Principle energy levels or quantum shells

What is the principle quantum number?

(n) used to number the energy levels /quantum shells

what is the equations to determine the fixed number of electrons each principle number can hold ?

2n*2

What is a subshell ?

Contains one or more atomic orbital.

What are orbitals ?

• Region of space where electrons can be found 95% of the time

• Each atomic orbital can be occupied by two electrons with opposite spin

How many orbitals can a S hold ?

1

How many orbitals can P hold ?

3

How many orbitals can D hold

5

How many orbitals can F hold

7

How many electrons can the S subshell hold

(1×2 ) = 2 electrons

How many electrons can the P subshell hold

( 3×2) = 6 electrons

How many electrons can the D subshell hold ?

( 5×2) = 10 electrons

How many electrons can the F subshell hold ?

( 7×2) = 14

What is the maximum number of electrons can the 1st quantum shell hold ?

2

What is the maximum number of electrons can the 2st quantum shell hold ?

8

What is the maximum number of electrons can the 3st quantum shell hold ?

18

What is the maximum number of electrons can the 4st quantum shell hold ?

32

What is Pauli Exclusion Principle ?

• An orbital can only hold 2 electrons and they must have opposite spin

• No 2 electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers

What is Aufbau’s principle ?

• electrons must enter the lowest energy orbital available and therefore energy levels are not entered until those below are filled

What is Hands Rule ?

• Every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

What does degenerate mean ?

All orbitals in the same subshell have the same energy.