HMWH test 1

ethnocentrism

the belief of superiority in one’s ethnic group, can also apply to race and religion

ethnocentric

groups or individuals that hold the belief that they are superior to other because of their heritage

mesopotamia

\-cuneiform- -including sumaria, babylon, assyria- -between the tigris and euphrates-

hummarabi

1st written code of laws, from mesopotamia

eygpt

hieroglyphs, mummies, pyramids, nile

indus

\-harappa civilization- -urban sanitation, advanced art, measures- -modern-day pakistan- -indus river-

what are mesopotamis, eygpt, and the indus

river valley civilazations

classical age of greece

art, architecture, government, philosophy, science, language, education, religion

athens

greek city-state, birthplace of democracy, known for philosophy and education

sparta

greek city-state, war lifestyle, greatest soldiers

the first persian war

the battle of marathon, great battle in which the athenians defeated the persian invaders, a messenger ran over 20 miles to deliver the news of victory, dying of exhaustion at the end, in order to save athens from burning to the ground

the second persian war

the battle of thermopylae, as the persians tried to enter their armies of thousands through a narrow pass, 300 spartans held them off for several days, one greek betrayed his country and showed an alternate pass, but greece had prepared for war in those days, and prevailed as victors

delian league

greek alliance between city-states that served as a defense against persia, largley controlled by athens

peloponnesian war

as athens gained more power in the delian league that other city-states, the others began to rebel, with sparta in control, after a 27 year war, sparta won, causing greece to be weakend

_ was the student of _ was the student of _ was the student of _

alexander the great (of macedonia), aristotle, plato, socrates

socrates

teacher of philosophy who taught his method of asking questions and thinking deeply to provoke further questions, his student, plato, wrote his story as a martyr, as he drank poison for his belief in questioning everything and “corrupting the youth”

plato

the student of socrates and the teacher of aristotle, this philosopher followed in the footsteps of socrates, the key difference being that he wrote his philosophy, with a focus on the philosophies of government

aristotle

this philosopher continued the quest for knowledge of his predecessors, student of plato and teacher of alexander of macedonia, he was widely regarded in the middle ages as correct in everything he said as long as it didn’t contradict the bible

alexander the great of macedonia

took his fathers empire at the age of 20, conquering persia and ruling for 12 years until his death, brought greek culture throughout the west bringing about the hellenistic age

the classical age of rome

built on greek culture, continuing to build on the ideas through this time, known for its art, architecture, and government

roman republic

consisted of elected representatives, lasting 500 years

patricians

the powerful roman aristocrats of the roman republic

plebians

roman lower class

senate

main lawmakers of the roman republic

consuls

the two elected “presidents” of the roman republic, the chief executives serving 1 year terms

dictators

serving 6 month terms, the roman republic chose these in times of crisis

tribune

the roman plebeian representative who held the veto power

coliseum

50000 seat arena in time where gladiatorial combat took place

circus maximus

250000 spectators watched chariots race at the place

AD

After death/Anno Domini, meaning year of our lord

BC

Before Christ/before common era

Caesar

challenged senate, rose to power, assassinated by senators through stabbing in 44 BC

Octavian

1st roman emperor, adopted son and successor of Caesar, also known as Caesar Augustus, brought the dawn of the empire

Pax Romana

Era of Roman “peace” spanning Caesar Augustus in 27 BC to Marcus Aurelias in 180 AD

Rise of Christianity in rome

Christianity in Rome started as a small persecuted religion to the religion of Rome in 313 AD

Fall of Rome

the gradual dissolving of Rome from taxes, debt, invasion, corruption, etc. Took hundreds of years but is most attributed with odoecers rise to power as a non Roman in 476 ad

The middle ages

Spanning 500-1500 ad

Medieval

Latin for Middle Ages after classical age but before the renaissance

Clergy

Church leaders including priests, bishops, archbishops, cardinals, and the pope

Pope

Leader of the Catholic Church, believed to be the incarnation of saint Peter

Fief/feud

Land from a lord to his vassal in exchange for military service, taxes, and loyalty

Feudal system

Political system of the Middle Ages, based on land ownership and loyalty

Lord

Owner of land in feudal system