Types of Long-Term Memory, Factors Affecting Memory, Wernicke’s-Korsakoff Syndrome

What are the 2 major kinds of long term memory?

Decalaritive/explicit, nondeclarative/implicit

What are the 2 types of explicit memory, and what part of the brain are they linked to?

Facts and events, associated with the temporal lobe

What are the 4 types of implicit memory, and what part of the brain are they linked to?

Procedural (skills, habits) associated with the striatum, priming associated with the neocortex, simple classical conditioning (both emotional responses and skeletal/musculature responses) associated with the cerebellum, and nonassociative learning associated with reflect pathways

We remember what is…?

Meaningful, emotional, and novel

Does stress impact memory?

Yes: there is an optimal amount of stress (Yerkes-Dodson Law of Arousal) so too much stress is memory distorting, not enough stress means insufficient arousal

What is adrenaline?

A hormone and neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress, influencing the brain via vagus nerve activation

What is cortisol?

A steroid hormone, triggered by stress, produces a slower response to stress (increase in threat vigilence)

How does THC effect time estimation?

Increases time estimation (think more time has passed)

How does THC effect time production?

Increases time estimation (think time is moving slower)

How does subjective time change during heightened arousal/threat perception?

Time seems to ‘slow’ during a high-arousal context

Can CNS stimulants enhance memory?

In a low dose shortly after training, but not after a delay period

What is Wernicke’s-Korsakoff Syndrome?

A syndrome caused by lack of thiamine (associated with inflammation and inadequate nutrition linked to alcoholism), also known as ‘Wet Brain’, resulting in ataxia (inability to coordinate voluntary movements) deficits to visuals, deficits to memory, confusion, recall issues. This occurs when Wernicke’s encephalopathy progresses into and becomes co-occuring with Korsakoff’s psychosis.