Teratogens, Principles, Other

AIDS

frequent infection, neuro dis, death

Cytomegalovirus

dead, blind, small head, dev dis

Genital herpes

encephalitis, large spleen, improper blood clotting

Rubella

dev dis, damage to eyes, ears, heart

Syphilis

damage CNS, teeth, bones

Accutane

CNS, eyes, ears

Alcohol

FASD, cog dev, heart damage, retarded growth

Aspirin

intelligence, attention, motor skills

Caffeine

low BW, decreased muscle tone

Cocaine and Heroin

retarded growth, irritability

Marijuana

low BW, less motor control

Nicotine

retarded growth, possible cog impairment

Air Pollution

low BW, premature birth, decreased test scores

Lead

dev dis

Mercury

retarded growth, dev dis, cerebral palsy

PCBs

impaired memory, verbal skills

X-rays

retarded growth, leukemia, dev dis

Principle 1

impact depend on genotype of organism (rabbit not effect thalomide, wheras human deformal limbs)

Principle 2

Impact changes over the course of prenatal development (timing of exposure)

Zygote —> fertilized egg spontan. abort

Embryonic —> major defects body structure

Fetal —> minor defects and bodily systems improper function

Principle 3

Selective damage, each teratogen effects specific aspect (eye and heart damaged by not limbs)

Principle 4

Impact depends on exposure (more exposure = greater impact), also due to individual differneces

Principle 5

Damage not always evident from birth. Some physical malformations and cocaine effects (crying, shaking, unable sleep), but some dont develop later)

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

taken by north americna women to prevent miscarriage. female kids had no problems at birth but later in life more prone to vaginal and breast cancer. male kids were more prone to testicular cancer through adulthood

Ultrasound

4-5 weeks after conception

gender, position, physical malformations, date of conception

sound waves

Amniocentesis

help with genetic disorder

16 weeks after conception and takes longer to get results

amniotic. fluid taken from the abdomen that surrounds the fetus and taken for genetic testing to discover genetic makeup

Chronic villus sampling (CVS)

help genetic disorder

can be done earlier 9-12 weeks after conception.

preferred take part of placenta to collect tissue sample

Stage 1 Labour

38 weeks after conception

msucles contract, pushing fluid aganist cervix, cervix dilates to 10 cm

wavelike motions of contractions lead to gradual increase in opening of cervix

12-24 hr

Stage 2 Labour

1 hr

baby goes thorugh birth canal guided by umbilical cord

crowing head come first good, but breech position feet first bad

Stage 3 Labour

Placenta expelled

10-15 mins

Cephalopelvic disorder

head larger than pelvis cant fit through birth cana;

Irregular position

shoulder positioning or breech positioning

Preclampsia

high BP, protein in urine, swelling extremites

Proclasped umblical cord

cord squeezed shut not allowing oxygen to reach baby