Introduction to Mycology (Exam 3)

Fungi are ______ and plant-like.

eukaryotic

Fungi are ______ and absorb nutrients from the enviroment.

heterotrophic

Reproduction of fungi can be ______ and ______.

sexual, asexual

Fungal cell walls are made of ______.

chitin

Fungal cell membranes contain ______.

ergosterol

What are the specimen types that are acceptable for fungal culture?

Sputum, urine, skin, nails, hair/scalp, CSF/sterile BF, tissue, blood/BM, stool, genital

Media without ______ are used to isolate and identify fungi.

supplements

These media are 4-5% ______.

sugar

These media are kept at a pH of ______.

3.8-5.5

Most fungi grow at ______C, but some can grow at ______C.

22-28C, 30-37C

India Ink stain

Dark background

Shows capsule of cryptococcus neoformans

Gomori Methenamine Silver (GMS) stain is specific for ______.

pneumocystis (brown)

GMS will stain ______ and ______ yeast.

living, dead

Gram stain of yeast is ______.

accidental

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) will stain fungal cell walls ______.

dark magenta

PAS stain only works on ______ fungi.

living

Calcofluor White stain is ______.

fluorescent

Modified Kinyoun will stain fungi ______.

purple

KOH preparation

10% potassium hydroxide

Giemsa/Wright stain

What are the nonselective media for fungi?

- Sabouraud's Dextrose

- Emmon's Modified Sabouraud's Dextrose

What are the selective media for fungi?

- Mycosel

- Inhibitory Mold Agar

What are the enriched media for fungi?

- Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) with 5% sheep RBCs

- SABHI

What are the special/differential media for fungi?

- Niger/Birdseed/Caffeic acid agar

- Trichophyton agar

- Dermatophyte test medium

- Morphology media

Niger/Birdseed/Caffeic acid agar is differential for ______.

Cryptococcus neoformans

Trichophyton agar is used for what types of organisms?

Those that frow on the skin, hair, and nails

Dermatophyte test medium differentiates ______.

Tinea (ringworm)

Dermatophyte test medium will change from ______ to ______ if there is a dermatophyte present.

yellow, red

What are the morphology media and what organisms are they for?

- Cornmeal agar (molds)

- Rice extract (molds)

- Potato dextrose (yeast)

- RIOT agar (yeast)

Septate hyphae

Cross walls within hyphae

Aseptate hyphae

No cross walls within hyphae

Pseudohyphae

Chains of cells formed by budding

Aerial mycelium

Grows off surface

Gives rise to spores

Vegetative mycelium

Grows into medium

Blastoconidia

Formed by budding along hyphae, pseudohyphae or single cell

Arthroconidia

Breaking or fragmentation of hyphae at separation point

Arthroconidia are ______ or ______.

rectangular, barrel shaped

Chlamydoconidia

Enlarged cell, thick wall, contains stored food

Greater in diameter than hyphae

Sexual reproduction includes the joining of two ______ from compatible mating strains.

nuclei

Asexual reproduction is the formation of ______ following mitosis.

conidia

Favic chandeliers hyphae

Deer antlers/branching

Pectinate hyphae

Wide-toothed comb

Nodular hyphae

Twisted, knotted

Racquet hyphae

Tennis racket shaped

Spiral hyphae

Coiled

Dematiaceous

Dark colored

Hyaline

Light colored

Chromomycosis/Chromoblastomycosis

Color-related mycological infection

Mycetoma

Entrance point/inoculation into the skin

Phaeohyphomycosis

Broad term for infections caused by pigmented fungi that show dark-walled sepatate hyphae intissue

Sporotrichosis

Subcutaneous fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii complex

Rhizoid

Root-like structure

Phialid

Small, flask shaped

At the end of conidiophore

Bear conidia

Sporangiospore

Asexual spores produced inside the sporangium

Vesicle

Enlarged area at the end of conidiophore

Sporangium

Sac-like structure with sporangiospores

Conidia

Asexual spores produced by mitosis

Formed at the tips or sides of conidiophores

Columella

Enlarged, dome-shaped

Tip of sporangiophore

Conidiophore

Specialized hyphal structure

Stalk on which conidia form

Sporangiophore

Specialized hyphae

Bears sporangium

Metula

Stolon

Horizontal hyphae

Grows along surface

Bears rhizoids and sporangiophores

Macroconidia

Thick/thin walled, spiny/smooth, club/oval shaped

On conidiophore

Multi-celled

"Pod"

Cells are the "peas"

Microconidia

One-celled

On the outside of the macroconidia, like leaves

Verrucose

Wrinkled, bumpy surface

Clavate

Club-shaped

Echinulate

Globose

Spherical

Apiculate

Ace of spades

Pyriform

Pear-shaped

En thryse

En grappe

Lactophenol Cotton Blue

Stains fungal cell walls blue

Tease Prep

- Tease colony apart

- Add lactophenol cotton blue

Cellophane Tape Prep

Slide culture

Best method for preserving and observing actual structures of fungi

Germ tube test is used to identify ______.

yeast

RIOT agar

Rice Infusion, Oxgall, Polysorbate 80

Demonstrates sequential development of germ tubes and chlamydospores by Candida albicans