HWC 8

Louis XVI

the king of France during the time of the French Revolution; tried to tax nobles

Estate’s General

French parliament

Marie Antoinette

wife of Louis XVI; “let them eat cake”

1789

the French revolution began

Immanuel Joseph Siyes

clergyman who proposed third estates to call themselves the national assembly

National Assembly

the name of the first revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the third estate

Tennis Court Oath

National assembly meets on a tennis court and swears they won’t leave the tennis court until a written constitution is made

Bastille

large prison in France that was raided for weapons during the French revolution

The Declaration the Rifhts of Man and of the Citizen

called for freedom of religion, speech, and of the press; stated that man is equal before the law

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy

clergy authority depencds on the people and the people vote for Bishop

POpe Pius VI

against TCCotC and told others not to follow it

Legislative assembly

law making body of gov that replaced the National Assembly

National Convention

republican gov that replaced the legislative assembly

draft

forcing people to join the war

Vendee

part of France that had some of the most resistance during the French revolution

Commitee of Public Safety

the group during the revolution that had the most power during the Reign of Terror

Maximillien Robespierre

leader of committee of public safety who thought using terror was the only way to eliminate the resistance

reign f terror

The Committee of Public Safety using terror to suppress perceived enemies of the revolution; Marrie Antoinette excecuted during this

Notre Dame Cathedral

an example of when Catholocism was being surpressed; Cathedral of Mary turned into Cathedral for the Goddess of Reason-where Napoleon was crowned Emperor

Thermador

July

Thermadorian Reaction

the name of the time when Robespheirre was killed

Directory

exectuive body of 5 men that replaces the national convention

Napoleon Bonapart

the French general who was asked by the directory to get rid of the papal states; the ice cream is good too

Nationalism

as a country you shouldn’t be influenced by others

Horato Nelson

Brittish commander who destroys Napoleon’s naval ships while they were parked at Egypt

Consuls

government of 3 people who replaces the directory; Napoleon is one of them

motto during the French Revolution

“liberty, equality, faternity”

Pope Pius VII

made a concordat with Napoleon which states, that people of France have freedom to practice Catholicism but the gov still has some control over the church

Napoleonic Code

rewritten French laws that were one of Napoleon’s longest lasting reforms

Emperor of France

the title Napoleon gives himself after he crowned himself emperor in the Notre Dame Cathedral

Louisianna Territory

territory in America that France gave to Spain then Spain gave back to France then France sold it to the US

St. Dominigue

territory in Hati that Napoleon failed to conquer

Battle of Trafaigar

France vs Britain B wins but Horatio Nelson dies

Battle of Austerlitz

France vs Austria - F wins

the Confederation of the Rhine

Emperor Francis

declared that the Holy Roman Empire was over

Battle of Jena

France vs Prussia - F wins

blockade

using ships to block a harbor-tactic used by Napoleon on the British

Continential System

the blockade used by Napoleon to stop trade with Britain

Ukraine

sells grain to britain

Elba

the 1st island that napoleon was kicked off too

congress of vienna

meeting of the powers of Europe (included France) discussed what happens now to Europe

Louis XVIII

new king of France after Napoleon

Piedmont Sardinia

an example of one of the “strong” countries made to deter France from making another conquest-part of Northern Italy

Balance of Powers

make countries equally powerful

1789

start of French Revolution

1814-1815

duration of Congress of Vienna

battle of Waterloo

Napoleon and his army vs British, Dutch, Belgian, and German soldiers

St. Helen

the 2nd island that Napoleon gets kicked too and he dies there too

Empire

1 ethnic group ruling over others ex: Austrian Empire

Imperialism

Nation States

Boarder of country match boarders of ethnic group ex: Spain and France

Ethnicity without a State

ethnic group but not unified in a state ex: Germany and Italy

more left political side

not accepting of society being in different classes, get rid of absolute monarchy

more right political system

more accepting of society divided in different classes, absolute monarchy

conservatives

prefer absolute monarchy-will take constitutional monarchy-supports feudalism

liberal

wants garunteed rights and freedoms- likes republic gov but will take constitutional monarchy

radicals

not ok for 1 person to have more wealth than others; leaning towards communism

romantic

people who participate in the romanticism movement

romanticism

cultral trend that embrasses philosophy, arts, politics, etc; reaction to the enlightenment; has less reason but more emotion and imagination

nationalism

way of defining yourself based on your nation

Walliam Blake

Wrote the poem “The Echoing Green”, pos view on natural world, character Old John singled out

William Wordsworth

wrote the poem “Strange Fits of Passion have I known”, pos view of nature, expresses twighlight time, and imagination “WHAT IF LUCY’S DEAD??”

Georg Gordon, Lord Byron

wrote poem “She Walks in Beauty”, pos view of human and outside nature, tender light, uniqueness abt lovers appearance

John Martin

painted “The Bard”, has emphasis on him, old buildings, landscaping

economic growth

country is producing more than the year before

wealth

value of what you are producing

urbanization

people moving rural to urban areas

industrialization

shifting from making stuff by hanf to making stuff w/ machines

Jethro Tull

invented the seed drill during the industrial revolution

seed drill

invented by Jethro Tull; allowed for more crops to be plated quicker but also put people out of jobs

flying shuttle

did double the amount of work a weaver could do

mechanized loom

produces fabric 15x faster than average worker-could be operated by a child

luddites

revolted against the machines during the industrial revolution (destroyed them)

the steam engine

a machine in the industrial revolution that powered other machines; when paired with a wagon it could be a train

factories

special buildings to house other machines

middle class

a new social class that included people who: owned factories, are lawyers, are physicians, etc

working class

the class that included the people who work in the factoriess

The Health and Morals of Apprentices Act

a law passed by British gov that restricted what factory owners can demand of people 21yrs old or younger; they work 12 or less hour shifts

Factory Act of 1833

children cannot work more than 8 houts a day; a board of men goes around and enforces this

Ancien Regime

monarchy

Charles X

king of France after Louis XVIII; he wanted an absolute monarchy and riots against him led him to be replaced

Louis Phillippe

the replacement for Charles X; did not allow for political meetings in France

2nd republic

1848

the year the French started their 2nd republic

Louis Napoleon

crowned himself Emperor Napoleon III, prioritized economy; and tried to look friendly towards the Catholic Church

Milan

part of Italy controlled by the Austrians; they tried to kick the Austrians out but it did not work

Pope Pius IX

did not support the war of Rome against Austria, because he is the leader of ALL the Catholics

socialism

the gov owns the buisness/means of productions-private ind. do not own

communism

extends after socialism; no private ownership of anything

battle of nations/leipzig

alliance w/ B,P,A, and R vs France/Napoleon-alliance wins

mercantilism

economic idea that the government should control trade to make their governemnt richer and more powerful

capital

money used to make more money