Anatomy & Physiology II - Urinary Physiology Practice Questions

peepee system

Under which circumstances do intrinsic controls dictate GFR?

a. during normal BP & blood volume

b. during periods of extremely low BP & volume

c. during periods to extremely high BP & volume

d. don’t care, didn’t ask + L + ratio

a. during normal BP & blood volume

Which best defines filtrate?

a. it’s formed when blood enters glomerulus of nephron & some of the plasma & dissolved materials are forced out under pressure

b. filtrate is the name for blood plasma when blood leaves kidneys & enters inferior vena cava

c. filtrate is the fluid that is reabsorbed back into bloodstream from lymphatic vessels

d. filtrate is the fluid in the collecting ducts of kidneys

a. it’s formed when blood enters glomerulus of nephron & some of the plasma & dissolved materials are forced out under pressure

A muscular tube that carries urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder is ___________.

a. ureter

b. calyx

c. renal hilum

d. urethra

e. collecting duct

a. ureter

Urination is also known as _____________.

a. mastication

b. expectorating

c. micturition

d. poopies

c. micturition

What structures give kidneys the ability to create concentrated urine?

a. major calyces

b. juxtamedullary nephrons

c. renal pyramids

d. corical nephrons

b. juxtamedullary nephrons

Which hormone most directly regulates sodium loss in urine (by increasing its reabsorption from kidney tubules to blood)?

a. ANP

b. ATP

c. ADH

d. maximum the hormone

e. aldosterone

e. aldosterone

_____________ is the region when the distal convoluted tubule lies against the afferent arteriole. It houses specialized sensory cells that affect BP & GFR.

a. juxtaglomerular complex

b. juxtaglomerular nephron

c. renal medulla

d. renal cortex

a. juxtaglomerular complex

The inner kidney core tissue layer is _______ & the outer superficial layer is _______.

a. medulla, cortex

b. cortex, hilum

c. medulla, hilum

d. hilum, glomerulus

e. cortex, medulla

a. medulla, cortex

What hormone is released when we are dehydrated the help create more concentrated urine?

a. ADH

b. cortisol

c. aldosterone

d. parathyroid hormone

a. ADH

Which is NOT a function of Angiotensin II once it’s formed?

a. stimulation of ANP release from right atrium of heart

b. stimulation of thirst center in hypothalamus

c. stimulation of adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, resulting in more sodium absorption

d. stimulation of smooth muscle in walls of systemic arterioles, leading to vasoconstriction

e. ultimately cause an overall reduction in the urine volume in order to increase BP

a. stimulation of ANP release from right atrium of heart

The renal corpuscle includes the ________________________.

a. proximal convoluted tubule & peritubular capillaries

b. loop of Henle & vasa recta

c. afferent & efferent arterioles

d. Bowman’s capsule & glomerular capillaries

e. distal convoluted tubule & proximal convoluted tubule

d. Bowman’s capsule & glomerular capillaries

The triangular-shaped areas of medulla tissue within kidneys are the ____________.

a. trigone

b. calyx

c. pyramid

d. rosegarden

e. ureter

c. pyramid

Hydrostatic pressure inside Bowman’s capsule ________________.

a. is greater than glomerular colloid osmotic pressure

b. enhances formation of more filtrate

c. opposes hydrostatic pressure within glomerulus due to small space & diameter of proximal convoluted tubule

d. is the first component of reabsorption

c. opposes hydrostatic pressure within glomerulus due to small space & diameter of proximal convoluted tubule

The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism ___________________.

a. is a form of autoregulation of GFR directed by macula densa cells

b. is a hormonal directed extrinsic control

c. is only active with low GFR

d. is an extrinsic control directed by the hypothalamus

a. is a form of autoregulation of GFR directed by macula densa cells

The hydrostatic pressure inside glomerulus is primarily controlled by ______________.

a. baroreceptors

b. prolactin

c. changing diameter of afferent arterioles

d. systemic BP

c. changing diameter of afferent arterioles