general chemistry - unit 3

cramming ( •̀ᴗ•́ )و ̑̑

what are the five structural factors that determine the strength of an acid?

* size
* electronegativity
* hybridization
* inductive electron withdrawal
* resonance

how does the size of an acid determine its strength?

larger volume, more acidic (base is more stable)

how does electronegativity determine the strength of an acid?

more electronegative (polar), stronger acid (only if similar size)

what is the relative electronegativity of hybridized carbon atoms?

sp > sp² > sp³

the higher the percentage of __ characteristic, the stronger the acid

s

what is inductive electron withdrawal?

electronegative atom causes chain of carbons to be electronegative, stronger effect with more electronegative atom

what is the inductive effect regarding the position of a halogen?

shorter chain of carbon atoms that the electronegative atom is attached to, stronger the effect of inductive electron withdrawal, stronger the acid

are acids with multiple resonance structures more likely to be stronger or weaker?

stronger, resonance stabilizes the acid and increases the strength

what is entropy?

measure of energy dispersal throughout a system