Lighting Safety, Standards, and Calculations

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering lighting safety classes, IP protection codes, mounting classifications, lux level requirements, and calculation variables.

Class 1 (Insulation Protection)

Luminaries with a terminal for “protective conductor” to which all metal parts that could carry current in the event of a fault must be connected.

Class 2 (Insulation Protection)

Luminaries with total or double insulation and no exposed metal parts that could carry current in a fault; they do not require a conductor terminal or connection to protective earth.

Class 3 (Insulation Protection)

Luminaries operated with safety extra-low voltage (SELV) under $42V$ generated by a safety transformer to VDE 0551 or supplied by batteries.

IP First Digit #2

Protection against ingress of solid foreign bodies with a diameter greater than $12mm$.

IP First Digit #4

Protection against ingress of solid foreign bodies with a diameter greater than $1mm$.

IP First Digit #5 [dust-protected]

Protection against harmful dust deposits where ingress is not complete but operation is not impaired.

IP First Digit #6 [dust-tight]

Full protection against the ingress of dust.

IP Second Digit #0

No special protection against water ingress.

IP Second Digit #3 [rainproof]

Protection against water falling at any angle up to $60$ degrees.

IP Second Digit #4 [splash-proof]

Protection against water sprayed at any angle at the luminaire, suitable for showers with massage shower heads.

IP Second Digit #5 [jet proof]

Protection against a jet of water from a nozzle directed at the luminaire at any angle.

IP Second Digit #7 [water-proof]

Protection against water when submerged under defined time and pressure conditions.

IP Second Digit #8 [pressure-water-tight]

Indicates the luminaire is suitable for permanent submerging in water under conditions defined by the manufacturer.

F Luminaries

Luminaries suitable for direct mounting on normally flammable materials with a maximum temperature of $180^{\circ}C$ on the mounting surface.

M Luminaries

Luminaries suitable for direct mounting on materials with normal or reduced flammability, with a maximum temperature of $130^{\circ}C$ on the mounting surface.

MM Luminaries

Luminaries suitable for direct mounting on materials for which the flammability properties are not known.

1000 lux (Rated Illuminance)

Required for open-plan offices (average reflection), color/goods inspection, jewelry production, retouching, and assembly of precision electrical equipment.

750 lux (Rated Illuminance)

Required for open-plan offices (high reflection), technical drawing, metal marking/inspection, flaw inspections (wood, leather), and foundry inspection areas.

500 lux (Rated Illuminance)

Required for data processing offices, telex desks, glass grinding/polishing, precision assembly of telephone sets/small motors, and work on woodworking machines.

300 lux (Rated Illuminance)

Required for offices with desks near windows, meeting/conference rooms, semi-precision assembly, sales areas, and control rooms.

200 lux (Rated Illuminance)

Required for storerooms where reading is necessary, furnaces, non-precision assembly, gang saws, and steel construction.

100 lux (Rated Illuminance)

Required for storerooms (searching only), access routes, changing rooms, stairwells, loading ramps, and boiler houses; not suitable for reading.

Number of Luminaries Formula (n)

Calculated as $n = \frac{1.25 \times E \times a \times b}{\phi \times (\eta lb) \times (\eta a)}$.

1.25 (Planning Factor)

The factor that takes into account the reduction in luminous flux and soiling of the fittings.

Room Factor (k)

Calculated as $k = \frac{a \times b}{h(a+b)}$ to make allowance for the shape of the room.

h (Working Height)

The adjusted height used in room factor calculations, defined as $h = H - 0.85\,m$.

Luminous Flux (φ)

The light output of the lamp measured in lumens [lm], typically taken from a lamp catalogue.

Luminaire efficiency (ηlb)

A value taken from the luminaire catalogue depending on the specific luminaire selected.

Room utilization factor (ηa)

A factor that covers the effect of light distribution in the room.

Reflectance (ρ)

Measure of the reflective properties of ceilings, walls, and work surfaces/floors used in solving for $\eta a$.

Major Lighting Brands

Lamps: PHILLIPS, OSRAM; Luminaires: PHILLIPS, THORN.