Pathology Quiz 2

Pathology Quiz 2 / Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science / Exam date: 02/03/25

Etiology

The study of a cause of a disease

There are predisposing factors and immediate causes that create pathological conditions

Predisposing factor

A condition or situation that may make a person more susceptible to a disease

Such as:

• Age

• Race

• Nutritional status

• Sex

• Occupation

• Environment

• Emotional circumstances

• Economic status

• Genetics

Immediate causes

A condition or situation that a person is born with or may be in contact later in life

Exogenous

Pathological considerations that are initiated from outside the body

Physical agents

Exogenous

Such as mechanical, thermal, or radiation

Chemical agents

Exogenous

Such as acids, poisons, or drugs

Biological agents

Exogenous

Such as west nile virus, ebola, or smallpox

Endogenous

Pathological considerations that are initiated from inside the body

Physiological agents

Endogenous

Such as hormonal changes, cancer, ASHD, and a million other diseases

Genetics

Endogenous

Heredity is genetically determined and is defined as the genetic characteristics transmitted from parent to offspring

The gene is the basic unit of heredity

Monogenic disorders

Endogenous

Caused by the mutation in a single gene

Ex:

• Cystic fibrosis, diabetes insipidus, and hemophilia

Chromosomal disorder

Endogenous

Caused by abnormalities in the number of chromosomes or by changes in the chromosomal structures

Ex:

• Klinfelter syndrome, turner’s syndrome, or trisomy 21 (down syndrome)

Multifactorial

Endogenous

Result from the interactions of many factors, hereditary, and environmental

Ex:

• Gout, diabetes mellitus

Natural immunity

The genetic features specific to race, sex, and the individual’s ability to respond

Acquired immunity

The body’s developed ability to defend against a specific agent

Autoimmunity

Immune responses of an organism against it's own healthy cells and tissues

Immunodeficiency

Failure of the immune system to protect the body adequately from infection, due to the absence or insufficiency of some process or substance