BIO 1510 Final Exam Review

(E1) The reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol gives a (n)
a. ester
b. ether
c. amide
d. anhydride

a. ester

(E1) The reaction of a carboxylic acid with another acid gives a (n)
a. ester
b. ether
c. amide
d. anhydride

d. anhydride

(E1) A peptide bond is the same a bond in a (n)
a. amine
b. ester
c. amide
d. anhydride

c. amide

(E1) The oxidation number in carbon 2 of glycerol is
a. 0
b. +1
c. +2
d. -1

a. 0

(E1) Comparing the strengths of an amide with an ester and with a thioester, one can say that
a. Thioester is the strongest bond
b. Ester is the strongest bond
c. Amide is the strongest bond
d. Amide and ester have the same strength

c. Amide is the strongest bond

(E1) The bond connecting the acetyl group in acetyl-coenzyme A is a (n)
a. amide
b. thioester
c. ester
d. ether

b. thioester

(E1) The only group of compounds that are not polymers is
a. proteins
b. fats
c. nucleic acids
d. carbohydrates

b. fats

(E1) A glycan is the same as a
a. protein
b. fat
c. nucleic acid
d. polysaccharide

d. polysaccharide

(E1) Molecular recognition in the immune system is provided most of the time by
a. proteins
b. fats
c. nucleic acids
d. carbohydrates

d. carbohydrates

(E1) The term Glycosaminoglycans indicated that the compounds have
a. only proteins
b. proteins and fats
c. proteins and carbohydrates
d. carbohydrates only

c. proteins and carbohydrates

(E1) The number of stereocenters in α-D glucose is
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

d. 5

(E1) The most oxidized carbon is present in
a. an aldehyde
b. an alcohol
c. an ester
d. CO2

d. CO2

(E1) When linear glucose undergoes cyclization, it produces a (n)
a. ester
b. acetal
c. hemiacetal
d. ether

c. hemiacetal

(E1) The compounds that have α1-6 linkages are
a. Amylose and amylopectin
b. Glycogen and amylose
c. Amylopectin and glycogen
d. None of the above

c. Amylopectin and glycogen

(E1) The number of carbons in the sugar of DNA is
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6

c. 5

(E1) Of ATP one can say that it has
a. Two phosphates and a purine base
b. Three phosphates and a pyrimidine base
c. Three phosphates and a purine base
d. One phosphate and a purine base

c. Three phosphates and a purine base

(E1) The nucleic base that is different in RNA that in DNA is
a. A
b. T
c. G
d. C

b. T

(E1) Three hydrogen bonds in DNA are formed between
a. A and T
b. C and G
c. C and T
d. G and T

b. C and G

(E1) What statement is false
a. DNA varies from species to species
b. DNA in all species has A=C and T=G, thus, A+T+C+G
c. Different tissues from the same species have the same DNA
d. DNA does not change with age, diet, or environment

b. DNA in all species has A=C and T=G, thus, A+T+C+G

(E1) Of ATP, NAD+ and FAD one can say that
a. All are carriers of electrons
b. ATP and NAD+ are primary energy currencies of the cell
c. Only NAD+ can carry 2 electrons
d. Only FAD can carry one or two electrons

d. Only FAD can carry one or two electrons

(E1) The oxidation-reduction (Redox) reaction of NAD+ takes place in the
a. Adenine
b. Sugar
c. Phosphate
d. Nicotinamide

d. Nicotinamide

(E1) B vitamins are present in
a. FAD and ATP
b. NAD+ and ATP
c. FAD and NAD
d. ATP only

c. FAD and NAD

(E1) A combination of a Polar, Aromatic, Positively-charged, and Nonpolar amino acids is
a. Valine, Lysine, Tyrosine, and Cysteine
b. Histidine, Arginine, Phenylalanine, and Glycine
c. Glutamate, Threonine, Serine, and Tryptophan
d. Proline, Leucine, Tyrosine, and Lysine

a. Valine, Lysine, Tyrosine, and Cysteine

(E1) The size of most cells, in µm, is less than
a. 200
b. 100
c. 70
d. 50

d. 50

(E1) Resolution in a microscope is
a. The distance between the lenses and the cell being observed
b. The distinction between the colors red and blue in the spectrum
c. The minimum distance between two points that can be distinguished as two points
d. The minimum distance between the lens and the objective

c. The minimum distance between two points that can be distinguished as two points

(E1) The 4 basic structures of all cells are
a. Nucleoid, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and plasma membrane
b. Nucleoid or nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuoles, and plasma membrane
c. Nucleoid or nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and plasma membrane
d. Nucleoid or nucleus, ER, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

c. Nucleoid or nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and plasma membrane

(E1) The flagella in prokaryotes rotate using the power of
a. ATP
b. NADH
c. FADH2
d. Proton gradient

d. Proton gradient

(E1) The bacterial cell wall is composed of
a. Peptidoglycan
b. Cellulose
c. N-acetyl glucosamine
d. Actin

a. Peptidoglycan

(E1) The glyoxysome is the site of
a. Sugar to cellulose conversion
b. Amino acids to protein conversion
c. Fat oxidation
d. Fat to sugar conversion

d. Fat to sugar conversion

(E1) Ribosomal RNA synthesis takes place in the
a. Ribosome
b. Nucleus
c. Nucleolus
d. RER

c. Nucleolus

(E1) Steroid hormones are made in the
a. Nucleus
b. RER
c. SER
d. Ribosomes

c. SER

(E1) Ca2+ is stored in the
a. Glyoxysome
b. SER
c. RER
d. Peroxisome

b. SER

(E1) The cell wall components of plants are made in the
a. Golgi
b. SER
c. RER
d. Ribosomes

a. Golgi

(E1) Catalase is found in the
a. Lysosome
b. Peroxisome
c. Golgi
d. SER

b. Peroxisome

(E1) To maintain the isotonicity in red cells a sodium chloride solution must be
a. 1.2%
b. 0.5%
c. 0.8%
d. 0.9%

d. 0.9%

(E1) α and β- tubulin subunits
a. Are present as dimers in the intermediate filaments
b. Are present as monomers in microtubules
c. Are present as dimers in microtubules
d. Are present as twisted filaments in actin

c. Are present as dimers in microtubules

(E1) Collagen, elastin, and proteoglycan are variably present in
a. Cytoskeleton
b. Cytoplasm
c. ECM
d. MHC

c. ECM

(E1) The most abundant protein in humans is
a. Fibronectin
b. Elastin
c. Proteoglycan
d. Collagen

d. Collagen

(E1) The membrane phospholipid(s) that contains an amino acids in its structure is
a. PE
b. PS
c. PC
d. PC and PS

b. PS

(E1) The number of fatty acids present in sphingolipids is
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3

b. 1

(E1R) A reaction can be spontaneous if
a. -∆H
b. +∆S
c. -∆G
d. -∆T

c. -∆G

(E1R) The best long-term storage of energy is
a. ATP
b. proteins
c. fats
d. cholesterol

c. fats

(E1R) If an inhibitor binds an enzyme at the active site, it is called
a. competitive
b. reversible
c. allosteric
d. non-competitive

a. competitive

(E1R) Energy required to destabilize chemical bonds is also known as
a. ∆H
b. Ea
c. S
d. Eq

b. Ea

(E1R) ∆G=∆H if you have
a. absolute zero
b. lots of disorder
c. constant volume
d. constant pressure

a. absolute zero

(E1R) The heat exchanged between a system and its surroundings is called
a. H
b. T
c. S
d. P

a. H

(E1R) The calories required to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1°C is
a. 5
b. 10
c.
d. 1

d. 1

(E1R) Hydrogen H is converted to H-, then
a. H has more energy than H-
b. H and H- have the same energy
c. H- has more energy than H
d. the energy of both is variable

c. H- has more energy than H

(E1R) Receptor mediated pinocytosis is
a. common to all solids
b. specific for some solids
c. common to all liquids
d. specific for some liquids

d. specific for some liquids

(E1R) Secondary active transport
a. moves materials from high to low concentration
b. requires energy from ATP
c. it works all by itself
d. works against the concentration gradient

d. works against the concentration gradient

(E1R) A system that requires ATP is
a. osmosis
b. 1a active transport
c. pinocytosis
d. phagocytosis

b. 1a active transport

(E1R) In osmosis
a. materials move from high to low concentration
b. requires energy from ATP
c. there are no channels or carrier proteins
d. requires energy from any other source

c. there are no channels or carrier proteins

(E1R) A gap in the cell wall connecting ERs is called
a. thigh junction
b. communicating junction
c. adhesive junction
d. plasmodesmata

d. plasmodesmata

(E1R) Plasmodesmata are present in
a. plants
b. animals
c. protists
d. methanogens

a. plants

(E1R) Another name for N-acetylglucosamine is
a. cellulose
b. elastin
c. chitin
d. proteoglycan

c. chitin

(E1R) One way animals cells don't communicate is by
a. thigh junction
b. plasmodesmata
c. adhesive junction
d. communicating junction

b. plasmodesmata

(E1R) The total number of microtubules in flagella is
a. 7
b. 9
c. 10
d. 11

d. 11

(E1R) The centrioles in fungi are present as a group of
a. 2
b. 4
c. 0
d. 6

c. 0

(E1R) A protein that is not part of the cell cytoskeleton is
a. actin
b. elastin
c. microtubules
d. intermediate filament

b. elastin

(E1R) The source of carbon for plants to make sugars come from
a. NADPH
b. CO
c. CO2
d. glyceraldehyde

c. CO2

(E1R) The force required to stop the flow from concentrated to dilute solution is called
a. osmotic pressure
b. enthalpy
c. osmosis
d. none of the above

d. none of the above

(E1R) Vacuoles control osmotic pressure via
a. active transport
b. pumps
c. channels
d. simple diffusion

c. channels

(E1R) Lysosomes and peroxisomes have in common that they
a. bud off from ER
b. are organelles
c. bud off from Golgi
d. have oxidative enzymes

b. are organelles

(E1R) Fatty acids are oxidized by the
a. lysosome
b. peroxisome
c. Golgi
d. SER

b. peroxisome

(E1R) Membrane lipids are assembled by the
a. SER
b. RER
c. Golgi
d. ER

a. SER

(E1R) The ER divides the cytoplasm from the
a. nucleus
b. mitochondria
c. Golgi
d. lumen

d. lumen

(E1R) Ions move into the nucleus via
a. simple diffusion
b. active transport
c. nuclear pores
d. permeases

c. nuclear pores

(E1R) RNA synthesis takes place in the
a. nucleus
b. nucleolus
c. mitochondria
d. RER

b. nucleolus

(E1R) Protein + DNA =
a. chromosome
b. chromatin
c. nucleolus
d. Golgi

b. chromatin

(E1R) The element not in common between plants and animals is the
a. cytoskeleton
b. mitochondria
c. glyoxysome
d. RER

c. glyoxysome

(E1R) The resolution of a light microscope is
a. 50 nm
b. 100 nm
c. 200 nm
d. 400 nm

c. 200 nm

(E1R) The size of most cells is less than
a. 50 nm
b. 100 nm
c. 200 nm
d. 400 nm

a. 50 nm

(E1R) The first to observe cells under the microscope was
a. Mendel
b. Hooke
c. Golgi
d. Dalton

b. Hooke

(E1R) Phospholipids are
a. surfactants
b. soaps
c. amphiphilic
d. all of the above

d. all of the above

(E1R) The difference between phospholipids and triglycerides is
a. none
b. one extra fatty acid
c. one extra phosphate
d. one phosphate instead of one fatty acid

d. one phosphate instead of one fatty acid

(E1R) The native state of a proteins is its
a. 1a structure
b. 3a structure
c. 4a structure
d. active structure

d. active structure

(E1R) What statement is false
a. all amino acids are L
b. unsaturated fatty acids are cis
c. all proteins have 4a structure
d. folding a protein requires most often a chaperone

c. all proteins have 4a structure

(E1R) A motif is a
a. 3a structure
b. functional site
c. folding pattern
d. chaperone

c. folding pattern

(E1R) An α-helix is an example of a structure that is
a. 1a
b. 2a
c. 3a
d. 4a

b. 2a

(E1R) The amount of protons in a 1M aqueous solution of the strong acid HC1 is
a. 0
b. > 1M
c.< 1M
d. 1M

d. 1M

(E2) The only organisms that don't use cellular respiration are the
a. protists
b. bacteria
c. archaea
d. none of the above

d. none of the above

(E2) A mosquito lives out of sugar thus, it can be called a (n)
a. autotroph
b. protist
c. heterotroph
d. mammal

c. heterotroph

(E2) One common feature of glycolysis and citric acid cycle is that both
a. produce FADH2
b. produce ATP
c. produce or use pyruvate
d. use acetate

b. produce ATP

(E2) Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA takes place in the
a. mitochondria of prokaryotes
b. cytoplasm of eukaryotes
c. plasma membrane of eukaryotes
d. mitochondria of eukaryotes

d. mitochondria of eukaryotes

(E2) Last step of glycolysis produces 2 units of pyruvate and 2 units of
a. ADP
b. NADH
c. ATP
d. NAD+

c. ATP

(E2) Oxidation in glycolysis occurs on
a. glucose-6-phopshate
b. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
c. 2-phosphoglycerate (GoP)
d. 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (Go3P2)

b. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

(E2) The 3 carbons of pyruvate are lost during
a. pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme
b. citric acid cycle
c. glycolysis
d. a and b

d. a and b

(E2) Citric acid cycle differs from glycolysis by
a. 4 steps
b. 3 steps
c. 2 steps
d. 1 step

d. 1 step

(E2) The number of electrons produced per unit of glucose in glycolysis is
a. 4
b. 2
c. 3
d. 1

a. 4

(E2) The total number of electrons produced per unit of glucose after citric acid cycle is
a. 16
b. 20
c. 24
d. 28

c. 24

(E2) Subtracting ATP produced in glycolysis/glucose, the ATP units produced by bacteria is
a. 28
b. 30
c. 32
d. 26

b. 30

(E2) Fermentation is
a. aerobic
b. anaerobic

b. anaerobic

(E2) The plasma membrane of prokaryotes is the site for
a. electron transport
b. pyruvate oxidation
c. citric acid cycle
d. glycolysis

b. pyruvate oxidation

(E2) Chemiosmosis refers to
a. movement of electrons in the electron transport chain (ETC)
b. movement of protons into intermembrane space and reenter through ATP synthase
c. transfer of electrons from NADH to the ETC
d. synthesis of ATP by the synthase

b. movement of protons into intermembrane space and reenter through ATP synthase

(E2) The number of units of ATP produced by the complex pyruvate dehydrogenase is
a. 0
b. 1
c. 3
d. 4

a. 0

(E2) High levels of ATP will inhibit the enzyme(s)
a. phosphofructokinase
b. citrate synthetase and phosphofructokinase
c. pyruvate dehydrogenase
d. citrate synthetase

b. citrate synthetase and phosphofructokinase

(E2) Methanogens convert
a. methane to CO2
b. sulfate to hydrogen sulfide
c. CO2
d. CO to methane

c. CO2

(E2) Fermentation in animals produces
a. ethanol
b. pyruvate
c. lactic acid
d. methanol

c. lactic acid

(E2) The first step in catabolism of amino acids is removal of
a. carboxy group
b. amino group
c. methyl groups
d. sulfur groups

b. amino group

(E2) β-oxidation converts
a. fats to fatty acids
b. fatty acids to urea
c. fats to acetyl-CoA
d. fatty acids to acetyl-CoA

d. fatty acids to acetyl-CoA