A&P 2 Chapter 22 - Respiratory System

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The major function of the respiratory system is to supply the body with this gas?

O2

The major function of the respiratory system is to dispose of what gas?

CO2

The movement of air into and out of the

lungs of breathing.

a. internal respiration

b. external respiration

c. pulmonary ventilation

d. transport of respiratory gases

c

The gas exchange between capillary

blood and the alveoli.

a. internal respiration

b. external respiration

c. pulmonary ventilation

d. transport of respiratory gases

b

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

between the lungs and cells of the body.

a. internal respiration

b. external respiration

c. pulmonary ventilation

d. transport of respiratory gases

d

The gas exchange between capillary

blood and the tissue cells.

a. internal respiration

b. external respiration

c. pulmonary ventilation

d. transport of respiratory gases

a

Air enters the external openings of the nose

a. nasal cavity

b. nostrils

c. septum

d. conchae

b

The inner nasal cavity is divided by midline

a. nasal cavity

b. nostrils

c. septum

d. conchae

c

The palate separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity - anteriorly it is the _________palate and the posterior portion is called the ___________palate.

a. soft; hard

b. hard; soft

b

Ciliated cells move mucus __________________ toward the _____________ where it is swallowed.

a. interiorly; throat

b. posteriorly; tonsils

c. interiorly; tonsils

d. posteriorly; throat

d

The superior, middle, and inferior nasal __________________

increase the mucosal surface area and

increase air turbulence.

a. nasal cavity

b. nostrils

c. septum

d. conchae

d

The pharynx is divided into three regions.

a. oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx

b. otopharynx, nasal septum, larynx

c. larynx, nasolarynx, septum

a

This region lies above the point where food enters - serves only as an air passageway.

a. oropharynx

b. nasopharynx

c. laryngopharynx

b

This region extends from level of soft palate to epiglottis - it serves as both an air and food passageway.

a. oropharynx

b. nasopharynx

c. laryngopharynx

a

This region extends to larynx - it serves as both an

air and food passageway.

a. oropharynx

b. nasopharynx

c. laryngopharynx

c

Opening into the lateral walls are the auditory tubes, which drain what part of the ear?

a. inner

b. middle

c. outer

b

Where the respiratory and digestive pathways diverge the laryngopharynx then blends into what structure

that lies posterior to the trachea ?

a. epiglottis

b. glottis

c. esophagus

c

Functions of the nose include all but

a. airway

b. moistens/warms air

c. filters and cleans air

d. resonate chamber for speech

e. enables taste buds

f. olfactory receptors found

e

Larynx functions as all but:

a. airway

b. switching mechanism routing air & food into correct passageway

c. creates mucous

d. voice production

c

The framework of larynx consists of intricate arrangement of how many cartilages?

9

The midline laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage is obvious externally as the Adam's apple - the thyroid cartilage in males than in females because of the action of _______________________________during puberty.

a. adams apple develops

b. male hormones

c. voice changing

b

The ninth cartilage extends from the posterior aspect of the tongue to its anchoring point on the anterior rim of the thyroid cartilage and is known as the ____________________________.

a. epiglottis

b. glottis

c. esophagus

d. Valsava's Maneuver

a

The vocal folds vibrate producing sounds as air rushes up from the lungs - opening between them through which air passes is called _______________.

a. epiglottis

b. glottis

c. esophagus

d. Valsava's Maneuver

b

Speech involves intermittent release of expired air and opening and closing of the _____________________

a. epiglottis

b. glottis

c. esophagus

d. Valsava's Maneuver

b

Larynx can be closed by abdominal straining with defecation or urination known as ___________________

a. epiglottis

b. glottis

c. esophagus

d. Valsava's Maneuver

d

Location of the______________________ descends from larynx through the neck and into the mediastinum.

a. trachea

b. larynx

c. epiglottis

a

Structure of the trachea; ___ inches long ___ inch in diameter

a. 4;1

b. 1;4

c. 10;40

d. 40;10

a

Cartilage rings prevent the trachea from ________________, keeping the airway ____________

a. opening; clear

b. collapsing; open

c. opening; from collapsing

b

The trachea divides into ____________ and _____________

primary bronchi.

a. inferior and superior

b. medial and lateral

c. right and left

d. anterior and posterior

c

Is an inhaled object more likely to become lodged in the right or left primary bronchus?

a. right

b. left

c. either side

a

Once inside the lungs primary bronchi divide into

________________________ and then tertiary bronchi, then divide into smaller and smaller bronchi.

a. secondary bronchi; primary bronchi

b. secondary bronchi; tertiary bronchi

c. primary bronchi; tertiary bronchi

b

The following structural changes occur as you move down through the bronchial tree, by the time you

reach the bronchioles:

Does the amount of cartilage decrease or increase?

a. increase

b. decrease

b

The following structural changes occur as you move down through the bronchial tree, by the time you

reach the bronchioles:

Does the amount of smooth muscle decrease or increase?

a. increase

b. decrease

a

What is the correct order of the respiratory zone structures beginning at the terminal bronchioles?

a.respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

b. alveoli, alveolar sacs, alverolar ducts, respiratiory bronchioles

c. alveoli ducts, alverolar sacs, alveoli, respiratory bronchioles

a

A concavity in medial aspect of left lung molded to accommodate the heart is called the _______________

a. arterial sac

b. cardial sac

c. cardial notch

d. alveolar sac

c

The parietal pleura is a double-layered serosa:

_________________ pleura - inside membrane covering external lung surface

a. parietal

b. visceral

b

The parietal pleura is a double-layered serosa:

_________________ pleura - outside membrane

a. parietal

b. visceral

a

____________________pressure is within the alveoli.

a. transpulmonary

b. intrapulmonary

c. intrapleural

d. transpleural

b

___________________pressure is within the pleural cavity.

a. transpulmonary

b. intrapulmonary

c. intrapleural

d. transpleural

c

Intrapleural pressure is______________________

relatively to intrapulmonary pressure.

a. negative

b. positive

a

Diaphragm contracts, moves inferiorly and thoracic cavity decreases/increases.

a. inspiration

b. expiration

c. residual

d. tidal

a

Contraction of intercostals muscles lifts rib cage and expands diameter of the thorax.

a. inspiration

b. expiration

c. residual

d. tidal

a

As the thoracic dimensions increase,

intrapulmonary pressure drops

.a. inspiration

b. expiration

c. residual

d. tidal

a

Air rushes into the lungs - air moves from high to lower pressure.

a. inspiration

b. expiration

c. residual

d. tidal

a

Inspiratory muscles relax and rib cage descends.

a. inspiration

b. expiration

c. residual

d. tidal

b

Diaphragm relaxes and moves superiorly.

a. inspiration

b. expiration

c. residual

d. tidal

b

Intrapulmonary pressure rises.

a. inspiration

b. expiration

c. residual

d. tidal

b

Gases flow out of the lungs.

a. inspiration

b. expiration

c. residual

d. tidal

b

volume is normal quiet breathing (500 mL).

a. inspiration

b. expiration

c. residual

d. tidal

d

volume is the amount of air that can be inspired forcibly

beyond tidal volume.

a. inspiratory

b. expiratory

c. residual

d. tidal

a

volume is the amount of air that can be expired forcibly

beyond tidal volume.

a. inspiration

b. expiratory

c. residual

d. tidal

b

volume is air that still remains in the lungs after expiratory

reserve volume.

a. inspiration

b. expiration

c. residual

d. tidal

c

The partial pressure of oxygen of blood entering alveolar capillaries from pulmonary arteries is __________________ and partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli is _____________________

a. 4mmHg; 14mm Hg

b. 4mm Hg; 14mm Hg

c. 40mmHg; 14mmHg

d. 40 mmHg; 104 mm Hg.

d

Because of this steep oxygen partial pressure gradient in the lungs, oxygen diffuses rapidly from the

a. the alveolar capillary blood into the alveoli.

b. the alveoli into the alveolar capillary blood.

b

Carbon dioxide moves in the opposite direction along a much less steep partial pressure gradient of

a. 45 mm Hg to 40 mm Hg.

b. 40 mm Hg to 45 mm Hg

c. 40 mm Hg to 104 mm Hg

a

Even though the pressure gradient for oxygen diffusion is much steeper than that for carbon dioxide, equal amounts of these gases are exchanged because carbon dioxide is _____times more soluble than oxygen.

a. 10

b. 20

c. 30

d. 40

b

The partial pressure of ______________ in tissues is always lower than that in blood so it moves rapidly from the blood into the tissues.

a. CO2

b. O2

b

moves quickly along its partial pressure gradient into the blood.

a. CO2

b. O2

a

When all four heme groups are bound to O2 then the hemoglobin is

a. fully oxygenated

b. fully lysed

c. fully saturated

d. fully absorbed

c

The declining pH and increasing PCO2 weaken the hemoglobin - oxygen bond called the and enhances oxygen unloading.

a. Valsalva's maneuver

b. Bohr effect

c. Haldane effect

b

As CO2 enters the bloodstream from the tissue cells it causes more oxygen to dissociate from the hemoglobin. The dissociation of O2 allows more CO2 to combine with hemoglobin called the

a. Valsalva's maneuver

b. Bohr effect

c. Haldane effect

c

the hemoglobin-oxygen combination

a. deoxyhemoglobin

b. oxyhemoblogin

b

Hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called

a. deoxyhemoglobin

b. oxyhemoblogin

a

______________________must drop substantially to at least 60 mm Hg before oxygen levels become a major stimulus for increased ventilation.

a. lung pressure

b. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen

c. ventricular partial deoxygenation

b