Social Cultural Issues In Health

How do social factors/ socioeconomic status influence health?

• In terms of educational attainment

• can affect chronic disease management : lower educational attainment often have less access to health information and are less likely to engage in preventive healthcare

• can affect mental health : individuals with lower educational attainment may face greater economic hardships, leading to increased stress

• can affect maternal and child health : women with lower educational attainments are more likely to experience complications during pregnancy and childbirth

How do social factors/ socioeconomic status influence health?

• In terms of income

• can affect access to healthcare : those with lower income may struggle to afford healthcare, leading to delayed treatment

• can affect living conditions : lower income individuals may live in crowded or substandard housing with exposure to mold, pests or pollution

• can affect health related behaviour : higher income individuals will have more opportunities to engage in health-promoting behaviours such as regular exercise

How do social factors/ socioeconomic status influence health?

• In terms of occupational status

• based on physical aspect of the job : exposure to chemical toxins

• based on psychosocial work environment : measures of job security and stress

• based on the job dynamics : earlier changes in people’s careers are often associated with upward social mobility

What are the cultural factors influencing the health system in malaysia?

• Multicultural society

• Religious belief

• Family-centric approach

• Policy and Government Initiatives

• Gender roles

• Traditional medicine

What are the traditional & complementary medicine?

1. Traditional massage

2. Traditional post-natal care

3. Acupuncture

4. Herbal therapy

5. Shirodhara

6. External Basti Therapy

What is cross cultural conflict?

Misunderstanding, tensions or disagreement that arise between individuals or groups from different cultural backgrounds due to different values, beliefs, behaviours, communication styles and expectations

What are the common causes of cross cultural conflict?

• Communication styles : differences in verbal and non-verbal communication can lead to misunderstanding

• Values and beliefs : clashing values can create conflict

• Assumptions and stereotypes : can lead to biases and misinterpretations

• Behavioral norms : different social norms such as eye contact and personal space

• Decision - making processes

• Perception of conflict : some cultures view conflict as healthy while others see it as disruptive

What are the level of conflict?

• Patient-provider level : conflicts often arise due to differences in cultural beliefs, communication styles and expectations about healthcare

• Inter-professional level : conflicts may occur between healthcare providers from different cultural backgrounds or training

• Systemic level : conflicts occur within broader healthcare system, affecting policy, administration and the delivery of services

What are the conflict resolution strategies for

• Patient-provider level

• Cultural competence training

• Respecting patient beliefs and preferences

• Shared decision making

• Use of interpreters and cultural mediators

What are the conflict resolution strategies for

• Inter-professional level

• Intercultural team-building exercises

• Conflict resolution training

• Mentorship and support systems

• Promote inclusive communication practices

What are the conflict resolution strategies for

• Systemic level

• Develop culturally inclusive policies

• Cultural competence committees

• Incorporating cultural competency into nursing curriculum

• Community engagement and partnership

What are the conflict resolution strategies in general?

• Provide alternatives

• Inform and involve patients

• Consult religious scholars

• Accommodate requests when possible

• Policy development

• Respect and empathy in communication

What are the World Health Organization Quality of Life (QOL) ?

• Physical domain

• Level of independence

• Environmental domain

• Psychological domain

• Social relationship

• Spiritual domain