Cellular Respiration

summarized

heterotrophic organisms

• have to obtain food in the form of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to survive

• food stuffs are digested to simplest forms and absorbed into the body

• breakdown product of food is utilized to form ATP

cellular respiration

goal is to oxideize organic compunds to produce ATP

cellular respiration

glucose + O2 → CO2 + H20 +ATP

glucose; fats; proteins

the ___ is themain source of ATP. In its absence, ___ is utilized to form ATP. If it used up, the last source of ATP are the ___ from the muscles.

STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

does not utilize oxygen

Anaerobic Respiration

does not utilize oxygen

Glycolysis

• Refers to the breakdown of glucose to 3-C compound pyruvate. This occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell

• Produces 4 ATP with a net of 2 ATP

• Skeletal muscles shift to anaerobic respiration when oxygen available to muscles is depleted as a result of a strenuous physical activity.

Aerobic Respiration

• utilizes oxygen and occurs in the

  mitochondria

• produces 30 ATP

Parts of Aerobic Respiration:

• Intermediate Step

• Krebs Cycle

• Electron Transport Chain

Intermediate Step

conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

Krebs Cycle

produces reducing equivalents nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2)

Electron Transport Chain

set of proteins that receive electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP

oxygen

Final electron acceptor

CHEMIOSMOTIC THEORY

States that the movement of electrons through a series of transporters creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This is coupled to formation of ATP

Calculation of ATP produced from glucose

Glycolysis: 7 ATP

Intermediate Step: 5 ATP

Krebs Cycle: 20 ATP

Total ATP 32 ATP

FERMENTATION

• Anaerobic conversion of organic compounds to produce ATP

• Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid or ethanol

• Ex. This process is used in production of beer

  using yeasts.

• Complete Oxidation of Glucose = 32 ATP