anaphy lab 3

Integumentary system

consists of the skin and accessory structures, such as hair, glands, and nails

Integument

means covering

Epidermis

most superficial layer of skin

Dermis

a layer of dense connective tissue; responsible for most of skin's structural strength

Subcutaneous tissue

aka hypodermis; a layer of connective tissue where skin rests

Epidermis (structure)

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Keratinization

process where cells change shape and chemical composition; new cells push old cells to the surface

Keratinocytes

most cells of the epidermis

Keratin

a protein that makes skin more rigid and durable

Melanocytes

produce the pigment melanin

Langerhans cells

part of the immune system

Merkel cells

specialized epidermal cells

Stratum Corneum

most superficial stratum of epidermis

Cornified cell

dead cell

Dandruff

excessive sloughing of stratum corneum cells from the scalp surface

Callus

a thickened area that forms when stratum corneum has frequent friction

Corn

thickened corneum forming a corn-shaped structure over a bony prominence

Stratum Lucidum

thin, clear zone above the stratum granulosum

Stratum Granulosum

two to five layers of flattened, diamond-shaped cells

Stratum Spinosum

cells look spiny

Stratum Basale

deepest stratum

Thick skin

5 layers

Thin skin

4 layers

Dermis (composition)

composed of dense collagenous connective tissue

Albinism

a recessive genetic trait causing absence of melanin; results in fair skin, white hair, unpigmented irises

Erythema

skin turns a reddish hue

Cyanosis

bluish color of the skin

Birthmarks

congenital disorders of blood vessels in the dermis

Carotene

yellow pigment found in plants like squash and carrots

Hemoglobin

gives skin a pinkish-red color

Suntan

exposure to UV light stimulates melanocytes to increase melanin production

Sunburn

skin reacting to UV exposure

Lanugo

unpigmented hair

Terminal hairs

pigmented hairs that replace lanugo

Vellus hairs

short, fine, usually unpigmented hairs

Shaft

part of the hair that protrudes above the skin surface

Root

part of the hair located below the surface

Hair bulb

expanded base of the root where hair is produced

Cortex

surrounds the medulla

Medulla

soft center of the hair

Cuticle

covers the cortex

Hair follicle

where hair arises

Hair papilla

extension of dermis that protrudes into the hair bulb

Cyanosis (clinical)

indication of impaired circulatory or respiratory function

Redness

associated with fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergies

Pallor

pale skin; may indicate anemia or low blood pressure

Jaundice

yellowish skin that can indicate liver disorder

Bronzing

associated with Addison’s disease

Bruising

broken blood vessels