Create study materials ONLY from pages 18–25. Use the images from these pages whenever possible. Make the questions in the exact style of my practical exam: Specimen, Media, Test, and Photo. For each image, ask me to identify the organism/test/media and give the required name, type, use, result, A/B identification, or lesion description. Do not add information not present in the PDF.

A collection of vocabulary-style flashcards based on practical microbiology notes covering staining, media, tests, and specific organisms.

Staphylococci (in culture or pus)

Gram positive cocci arranged in grape like clusters.

Nutrient agar

A simple medium that shows the yellow endopigments of Staphylococci.

Blood agar (Beta Hemolysis)

An enriched and differential medium showing complete hemolysis; examples include Staph aureus and Strept pyogenes.

Streptococci (in culture or pus)

Gram positive cocci arranged in chains.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococci) in Tissues

Gram positive diplococci (pairs) that are capsulated and appear as an unstained halo.

Quellung Reaction

A test for capsule detection where the capsule of Pneumococci will be swollen after the addition of specific antiserum.

Acid fast bacilli

Ziehl Neelsen stain showing red bacilli against a blue background, typically in a sputum specimen.

Lowenstein Jensen (L. J)

An enriched media used for M. tuberculosis; colonies appear buff, tough and rough.

Treponema pallidum (Fontana stain)

Bacteria appearing dark brown as thin delicate spirochetes made of 6-12 narrow regular coils.

Treponema pallidum (Dark field Microscopy)

Bacteria appearing as refractile slender spirals with corkscrew motility.

Vincent angina (Diagnostic criteria)

A Gram stain film showing long fusiform bacilli (Fusobacterium fusiform), Gram negative spirochetes (borrelia vincenti), and pus cells.

Fusobacterium nucleatum (on Blood agar)

Characterized by dull, granular colonies with an irregular edge.

Leptotrichia

Gram negative, slender, filamentous bacilli with one pointed end.

TPHA (Treponema pallidum Hemagglutination test)

A test used for the confirmation of syphilis involving red cell Treponemal antigens and patient’s antibodies.

Actinomycetes (Gram stain)

Gram positive branching, filamentous bacteria.

Capnocytophaga (on Blood agar)

Colonies that spread over the agar surface with uneven edges and may be pink, yellow, or white.

Candida (in culture)

Gram positive budding yeast cells.

Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA)

A medium used for the growth of Candida (white colonies), Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus Flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus.

Germ tube test

A test performed with methylene blue in serum for the diagnosis of Candida albicans.

Cryptococcus neoformans (India ink)

Yeast cells surrounded by a clear halo, representing a capsule.

Oral Thrush

Caused by Candida albicans, presenting as white patches on the tongue and oral mucosa and yeast cells with pseudohyphae.

DNAse test

A test where a positive result is indicated by a clear zone; it is positive for Staph aureus.

Mannitol salt agar

A selective medium for staphylococci where Staph aureus is a fermenter and Staph epidermidis is a non fermenter.

Novobiocin test

Used to differentiate Staph saprophyticus (resistant) from Staph epidermidis (sensitive).

Phage typing

A method used for tracing the source of infection in cases of Staph aureus infection.

Blood agar (Alpha Hemolysis)

Enriched and differential medium showing partial hemolysis; examples include Pneumococci and Strept viridans.

Blood agar (Gamma Hemolysis)

Enriched and differential medium showing no hemolysis; an example is Streptococcus bovis.

Bile esculin agar

A selective medium for Enterococci, which causes blackening of the medium.

Bile solubility test

Differentiates Strept pneumoniae (lysis by bile) from Strept viridans (not lysed by bile).

Optochin sensitivity test

Differentiates Strept pneumoniae (sensitive) from Strept viridans (resistant).

CAMP test

Differentiates between S. pyogenes (-ve) and S. agalactiae (+ve) via an arrow head shaped zone of beta hemolysis.

Bacitracin sensitivity test

Differentiates Strept pyogenes (sensitive) from Strept agalactiae (resistant).

Bacteroides fragilis (in culture)

Gram negative pleomorphic bacilli.

Neomycin Blood agar

A medium where Bacteroides fragilis appears as grey translucent colonies.

Tanerella forsythia

Pleomorphic, spindle shaped or fusiform gram-negative bacilli.

Porphyromonas gingivalis (on Blood agar)

Produces black pigmented colonies due to the breakdown products of blood.

Median rhomboid glossitis

Shows a characteristic diamond-shaped lesion on the tongue.