Knee Joint

AK/OA, ROM

Closed Packed Position (Tibiofemoral)

Full extension

Closed Pack Position (Patellofemoral)

90° Flexion

Open-Packed Position (Tibiofemoral)

30° Flexion

Open-Packed Position (Patellofemoral)

Full Extension

Capsular Pattern

Flexion > Extension

Extension to Flexion ROM

5° hyperextension - 0° - 140°

External Rotation (at 90° flexion)

0-25/45°

Internal Rotation (at 90° flexion)

0-15/30°

ROM needed for walking

0° extension and 60° flexion

ROM needed for ascending the stairs

95° flexion

ROM needed for descending the stairs

85° flexion

ROM needed for rising from chair

90° flexion

Primary Plane of motion for knee joint

Sagittal Plane (Extended Tibia ER on femur/Flexed Tibia IR on femur)

Open Chain Rule for Knee

Concave tibia on convex femur (roll and glide in opposite directions)

Open Chain Flexion

Roll and glide posterior

Open Chain Extension

Roll and glide anterior

Open Chain ER

Tibia rolls/glides anterolateral on femur

Open Chain IR

Tibia rolls/glides posteromedial on femur

Closed Chain rule for knee

Convex femur on concave tibia (IR) - Roll and glide in opposite direction

Closed Chain Flexion

Roll posterior and glide anterior

Closed chain Extension

Roll anterior and glide posterior

ACL during closed chain flexion

Guides the anterior glide but resists posterior roll

PCL during closed chain flexion

Guides the posterior roll resists anterior glide

ACL during closed chain extension

Guides anterior roll resists posterior glide

PCL during closed chain extension

Guides posterior glide resists anterior roll