Reliability of IQ Scores

Test-Retest Reliability

Consistent IQ score across measures

Reliability of IQ scores depend on age.

Why is testing childhood and infancy IQ score problematic?

These IQ scores will not predict adult IQ scores due to dramatic changes during childhood. Adult IQ test scores are more stable overtime and you cannot ask infants the same adult IQ test questions

Visual Habituation

Testing infants IQ by observing their interest in stimuli

Why is it more affective to measure visual habituation in infants to measure IQ?

• Infants who habituate faster have higher IQ scores

• More intelligent babies take in more info from novel stimuli more quickly

• Infants who are interested in new things habituate faster and learn more things

Predictive Validity

Measure's ability to predict future outcomes

IQ tests can also be used for occupations, criminal behaviour, health outcomes, etc.

Health Literacy

How well people understand health-related information to make health decisions. The lower your IQ, the more you tend to experience illness

Heritability of IQ

How much of IQ is genetically determined through studies like family studies

Nature and Nurture

Genetic and environmental influences on IQ development

Family Studies of IQ

The more genetically related we are to someone, the higher the correlation with IQ is but depends on family environment

Twin Studies of IQ

Twins who are apart still have similar IQ scores but environmental influences still affect IQ

Adoption Studies of IQ

Found that adopted children have similar IQ as biological parents

Correlation between amount of schooling and higher IQ

People with more schooling have greater amounts of synapses which shows more neuro-communication

Flynn Effect

Average IQ of the population arise over time with around 3 points per decade

Reverse Flynn Effect

Average IQ of the population may be decreasing

What might be the explanation between IQ differences between females and males?

1. Verbal and spacial ability influenced by hormones

2. Environmental influences

   • Sex differences in problem-solving strategies

   • Experience/training

Females score higher on __ tasks

verbal

Males score higher on ___ ability

spacial

Within-Group Heritability

How much is IQ inheritable within a group which is likely due to genetics

Between-Group Heritability

How IQ is inheritable between groups likely due to environmental influences

Stereotype Threat

Fear of conforming to negative stereotypes