Trauma and Stressor-related Disorders Flashcards

Flashcards to review Trauma and Stressor-related Disorders lecture.

What is stress?

Psychological and physiological response to challenging/new life events.

What is trauma?

Extreme physiological/psychological distress and a significant threat to safety/life.

According to DSM criteria, what are the ways someone can be exposed to trauma?

Direct experience, witnessing in person, learning it occurred to a close family member, experiencing repeated exposure to aversive details.

What are Big 'T' traumas?

Large traumatic singular events (e.g., car accident, natural disaster)

What are Little 'T' traumas?

More subtle, chronic, repeated/cumulative events (e.g., caregiver abandonment, bullying).

Name the DSM-5-TR diagnoses related to trauma and stress.

Reactive Attachment Disorder, Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder, PTSD, Acute Stress Disorder, Adjustment Disorder, Prolonged Grief Disorder.

What is Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder related to?

Presentations in response to exposure to social neglect during childhood.

What are PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder related to?

Presentations in response to exposure to actual/threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.

What is Adjustment Disorder related to?

Presentations in response to a life stressor.

What is a key diagnostic criterion for Prolonged Grief Disorder?

Requires a persistent grief response present for at least 12 months.

What are the intrusion symptoms in PTSD?

Unwanted memories, dreams, flashbacks, emotional distress after cues, physical reactivity after cues.

What is the avoidance criterion in PTSD?

Avoidance of trauma-related thoughts/feelings or external reminders.

What are negative alterations in cognitions and mood in PTSD?

Inability to recall key features, negative thoughts, exaggerated blame, negative affect, decreased interest, feeling isolated, difficulty experiencing positive affect.

What are alterations in arousal and reactivity in PTSD?

Irritability, risky behavior, hypervigilance, heightened startle, difficulty concentrating, difficulty sleeping.

What are the duration and functional significance criteria for PTSD?

Symptoms last for more than 1 month and cause distress/impairment.

How is Acute Stress Disorder differentiated from PTSD?

Duration in Acute Stress Disorder is 3 days to 1 month; PTSD is diagnosed if symptoms persist after 1 month.

What is depersonalization?

Experiences of feeling detached from one's mental processes or body.

What is derealization?

Experiences of unreality of surroundings/world.

What part of the adaptive stress response is related to most PTSD symptoms?

Fight or flight response.

What is differential state activation in hyperarousal?

Repetitive activation of the stress response system alters the baseline state of arousal.

What causes intrusive symptoms in trauma?

Errors in memory encoding.

What pre-trauma factor is protective against developing PTSD?

High social support.

According to Ehlers and Clark, what are PTSD symptoms the result of?

Ongoing elevated and active sense of current threat due to interference in the integration of the trauma memory and appraisals.

What is the goal of treatment according to the formulation for PTSD?

Integrate trauma into the past and decrease the sense of current threat.

What are the main evidence-based treatments for PTSD in adults?

Trauma-focused CBT (tf-CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).

What is a critical element of psychoeducation in trauma treatment?

Normalizing and building understanding of trauma symptoms.

List the elements of Trauma-Focused CBT.

Psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, imaginal exposure, in vivo exposure, relapse prevention.

What does cognitive therapy address in trauma treatment?

Identifies and targets distorted and dysfunctional cognitions related to self, world/future, and others.

What is imaginal exposure?

Talking through the memory in detail to reduce fear and properly integrate the memory.

What is in vivo exposure?

Confronting feared situations to challenge probability estimates and beliefs about coping.