Solid Waste - Terms, Definition, History, Plastic

Mesopotamia, Egypt

8000 - 9000 BCE

Dumps away fr settlements

Minoans

3000 - 1000 BCE

Wastes covered w/ soil

First proto-sanitary landfill

Crete

2100 BCE

Trunk sewers

Egyptian city of Heracleopolis

Only wastes fr elite and religious collected and disposed to Nile River

Kouloure (Crete capital of Knossos)

1500 BCE

Composting in pits

Old Jerusalem

800 BCE

Sewers and primitive water supply

Indus Valley, MohenjoDaro

800 BCE

Houses w/ waste chutes, trash bins, waste collection sys

Harappa, Punjab(modern day India)

800 BCE

Toilets and drain bathrooms

Asian Cities

800 BCE

Waste collection in clay containers

Minoan Civilization

800 BCE

1st SWM

2000 BCE

Israel Guidelines on SWM in bible

US SW Act of 1965

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976

California Assembly Bill 939 in 1993

China

200 BCE

Sanitary police for waste disposal laws

Greece

5th century BCE

Maintained town dumps

Athens

320 BCE

Household responsible in transporting wastes beyond city walls

Hippocrates

400 BCE

Rel. bet wastes and infectious disease

Persian IbnSina

980-1037 CE

Rel. bet wastes and infectious disease

US

SW Act of 1965

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976

California Assembly Bill 939 in 1993

Jan. 26, 2001

Approval of RA 9003

Feb. 16, 2001

Effectivity of RA 9003

Dec. 21, 2001

Signing of IRR

Feb. 16, 2004

Open Dumpsites to Controlled Dumpsites (Sec. 37)

Feb. 16, 2006

Controlled Dumpsites to Sanitary Landfill (Sec. 37)

Buy-back center

Recycling center purchases or accepts recyclable matls

Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

Include:

SW transfer station or sorting station

Drop-off center

Composting facility

Recycling facility

SWM Facility

Resource recovery system or component

System, program, or facility for resource conservation

For collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment, or disposal of wastes

Transfer Stations

Facilities used to:

receive SW, temporarily store, separate, convert, or process matls in SW or

transfer SW fr small to larger vehicles for transport

Not included when function is to:

Receive, store, separate, convert, process w/ min standards

Receive, store, convert, process wastes already separated for re-use and not intended for disposal

Operations by a licensed SW who receives, stores, transfers, process wastes for refuse collection and disposal business

Agricultural Waste

Planting or harvesting of crops, trimming or puring of plants, runoff matlsfr farms

Bulky Wastes

Cannot be placed in separate container because of bulky size

Large worn-out or broken household, commercial, industrial

Furniture, lamps, bookcases, filing cabinets, etc

Consumer Electronics

Special wastes that are worn-out, broken, discarded items

Radios, stereos, TV Sets

Hazardous Wastes

Quantity, concentration, or phys, chem or infectious char may cause mortality or serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness

Hazard to human health or envi when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of

Leachate

Liquid produced when waste undergo decomposition and when water percolate through SW undergoing decomposition

Contaminated liquid w/ dissolved and suspended materials

Municipal Wastes

Combination of domestic, commercial, institutional, industrial, street litters w/in LGU

Special Wastes

Household hazardous wastes fr residential and commercial include:

Bulky wastes, consumer electronics, white goods, yard wastes, batteries, oil, tires, paints, thinners

Handled separately fr other residential and commercial wastes

White Goods

Large worn-out or broken household, commercial, and industrial appliances

Stoves, ref, dishwashers, clothes washers, dryers

Collected separately

Usually dismantle for recovery of matls (copper, aluminum)

Yard Waste

Wood, small or chipped branches, leaves, grass clippings, garden debris, vegetable residue as part of plant

Controlled Dump

SW deposited w/ min prescribed standards of dumpsite operation

Disposal Site

Site where SW finally discharged

Open Dump

SW indiscriminately thrown or disposed of w/o planning and consideration for envi and health standards

Sanitary Landfill

Designed, constructed, operated and maintained w/ engg control over significant potential and evi impacts fr development and operation of facility

Segregation

Sorting and segregation of diff matls in SW:

to promote recycling and reuse of sources

to reduce volume of waste for collection and disposal

Segregation at source

Separating at pt of origin:

to promote recycling and reuse of sources

to reduce volume of waste for collection and disposal

Source Reduction

Reduction of SW before entering SW stream by:

Product design, matls substitution, matls reuse and packaging restrictions

Source Separation

Sorting of SW into some or all of its component parts at the point of generation

Generation

Act/process of producing SW

Collection

Act of removing SW fr source or fr a common storage pt

Storage

Interim containment of SW after generation and prior to collection for ultimate recovery/disposal

Composting

Systematic decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi) into humus-like product

Open burning

Thermal destruction of wastes by direct exposure to fire

Traditional small-scale community sanitation "siga"

Waste Diversion

Activities that reduce/eliminate amt of SW fr waste disposal facilities

Disposal

Discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any SW into or in any land

Recycling

Treating of used or waste matls to be beneficial for other purpose

SW matls transformed into new products or as raw matls

Resource Conservation

Reduction of amt of SW generated

Reduction of overall resource consumption

Utilization of recovered resources

Resource Recovery

Collection, extraction, or recovery of recyclable matlsfr waste stream for recycling, generating energy, or producing product for beneficial use

Recovery facilities exclude incineration

Re-use

Recovering matls for the same or diff purpose w/o alteration of phys and chem char.

Post-consumer material

Matls that served their intended end use

Separated fr SW to be collected, process, and used as raw matl in recycling

Excluded: by-products fr and commonly used w/in orig manufacturing process such as mill scrap

Recovered Material

Matls recovered/diverted fr SW to be collected, process, used as raw matl in recycling

Recyclable Material

Matl retrieved fr waste stream and free fr contamination that can still be converted into suitable beneficial use

Opportunity to Recycle

Providing place for collecting source-separated recyclable matl at disposal site or another location more convenient to population being served

Collection at least once a moth of source-separated matls

Public education and promotion grogram encouraging opportunity to recycle and source separation of recyclable matls

Ecological Solid Waste Management

Systematic administration of activities w/c provide for:

Segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of SW and all other waste mgmt. act.

Environmentally Acceptable

Quality of being re-usable, biodegradable or compostable, recyclable, non-toxic or hazardous to envi

Environmentally Preferable

Lesser or reduced effect on human health and envi when compared to other competing products

Black

Non-infectious dry

Green

Non-infectious wet

Yellow

Infectious and pathological

Yellow black band

Chemical waste including heavy metals

Orange

Radioactive

Red

Sharps and pressurized containers

Not In My Back Yard

NIMBY

Not In My Term Of Office

NIMTOO

Locally Unacceptable Land Use

LULU

Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anyone

BANANA

Not On Planet Earth

NOPE

Not In My Election Year

NIMEY

1

PETE

Polyethylene terephthalate

Thin clear plastic

Bottled water, soda, juices, condiments

Trace amt of EDC

Stable at normal temp and leech when exposed to heat (when left in car)

Do not reuse

2

HDPE

High Density Polyethylene

Thicker more opaque

Milk, water jugs, juice bottles, detergent, shampoo, motor oil containers, toys

Safe to refill and reuse

3

PVC

Polyvinyl Chloride

Everything

Shower curtains, baby bibs, mattress covers, shampoo and liquid soap bottles, cling wrap, cooking bottles, pipes

Contains endocrine-disrupting phthalates linked to reproductive birth-defects

Hazardous

4

LDPE

Low Density Polyethylene

To create flexible plastics

Grocery story bags, plastic food storage bags, bread bags, frozen food packaging bags, plastic wrap, dry cleaning bags, garbage bag

5

PP

Polypropylene

To create hard but flexible products

Yogurt containers, drinking straws, syrup bottles, salad bat containers, diapers

6

PS

Polystyrene

Found in rigid plastics and in Styrofoam

Plastics can leach styrene (neurotoxin w/ nega health effects

Opaque plastic spoons and forks

Hazardous

7

OTHERS

Multi - Layered Plastics

Includes polycarbonate containing endocrine - disrupting chemical BPA

Baby bottles, sports water bottles, large 5-gallon water jugs, plastic cutlery, lining of food and baby formula cans