bio 142 chapter 22 part 1 lecture

a. Respiration

process of exchanging gasses between atmosphere AND BODY CELLS

Ventilation

the movement of air in and out of the lungs

external respiration

gas exchange with external environment

where does external respiration occur

pulmonary capillaries

interenal respiration

gas exchange within the body

where does internal respiration occur

systemic capillaries

d. Cellular Respiration

glycolysis

citric acid cycle

electron transport

why do we need oxygen

to get rid of carbon dioxide

What is the origin of CO2 in our bodies?

it is a waste product of cellular metabolism

What do you call the openings to the nasal cavity?

nostril/external nare

what separates the nasal cavity into 2 chambers

the nasal septum

what is the nasal septum made up of

vomer + ethmoid bone (perpendicular plate) and hyaline cartilage

What is the function of nasal conchae?

secrete mucus and catch particles

What nerve is found in the superior aspect of the nasal cavity?

oldfactory nerve

Name the 4 paranasal sinuses + what do they do

secrete mucus

frontal sinus

sphenoid sinus

ethmoid sinus

maxillary sinus

what tissue lines the nasal cavity

pharyngeal tonsil

what feature cells do the pharyngeal tonsils have

B + T cells and macrophages

12. Name the tube that enters the nasopharynx.

auditory tube

epiglottis (lower respiratory tract)

flap/cover

thyroid cartilage (lower respiratory tract)

large shiel

no posterior cover only anterior and lateral

laryngeal prominence (lower respiratory tract)

form adam apple

cricoid cartilage (lower respiratory tract)

inferior to thyroid cartilage

completes a full ring

What is the function of the larynx?

airway protection

breath

noise proudction

left and right arytenoid cartilage ( cartilages of the larynx)

pyramid shape

posterior of cricoid cartilage

anchor points for vocal cords

17. What is the glottis?

opening between 2 vocal cords

open and close

cartilage fold

18. Where is the trachea located?

anterior of cervical region

20. What structure must air pass through before it enters the trachea?

larynx

21. What shape are tracheal cartilages? Why?

C shape

22. What do you call the bifurcation point of the trachea?

carina

Main (Primary) Bronchi

first division of the trachea. The right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left.

supplies: Each entire lung (Right lung and Left lung).

Lobar (Secondary) Bronchi

Cartilage plates replace the C-shaped rings.

Supplies: Each lobe of the lung

Segmental (Tertiary) Bronchi

Futher branching into smaller airways.

Supplies: Bronchopulmonary segments

Intralobular Bronchioles

specific portion of the bronchiole that has entered inside a singular lobe

supplies:interior of a single pulmonary lobule.

Terminal Bronchioles

final and smallest absolute branch of the conducting zone

supplies: Pulmonary lobules, acting as the gateway to the respiratory zone.

Respiratory Bronchioles

official start of the respiratory zone.

SUPPLY: Pulmonary acini

Alveolar Ducts

Continuous winding corridors completely lined with columns of individual alveoli.

SUPPLY: Alveolar sacs

Alveolar Sacs & Alveoli

thin-walled air sacs. This is the dead end of the respiratory journey,

SUPPLY bloodstream

Holding your breath can cause your blood pH to decrease.

true or false

true

The larynx is part of the upper respiratory tract.

true or false

false

What is the purpose of the cilia within the respiratory system?

to move mucus towards the pharynx

The trachea is lined with __________ epithelium.

pseudostratified columnar

__________ cartilage is found within the wall of the trachea and bronchi to keep the airways open.

hyaline

Alveoli are comprised of ______________ epithelium

simple squamous

The pleural membrane secretes a serous fluid that functions to reduce friction during breathing and keep the lung attached to the inside of the thoracic wall.

true or false

True

As temperature increases so does the affinity between oxygen and hemoglobin

t or f

false

As pH increases so does the affinity between oxygen and hemoglobin

t or f

true

As CO2 levels increase so does the affinity between oxygen and hemoglobin.

t or f

false

As O2 levels increase so does the affinity between oxygen and hemoglobin.

t or f

true

Peripheral chemoreceptors can sense partial pressures of oxygen.

true or false

true

order through which CO2 will diffuse: 1

pulmonary capillary endothelium

order through which CO2 will diffuse:2

capillary basement membrane

order through which CO2 will diffuse:3

interstitial space

order through which CO2 will diffuse:4

alveolar basement membrane

order through which CO2 will diffuse:5

alveolar epithelium