Introduction to Biodiversity

Biodiversity

The variety of life on Earth at all levels, including genes, species, and ecosystems.

Ecosystem Services

Benefits provided by ecosystems to humans, such as air purification, climate regulation, and food production.

Ecological Stability

The resilience of an ecosystem to recover from disturbances.

Genetic Diversity

The variety of genes within a species, allowing for adaptation to changing environments.

Species Diversity

The variety of species within an ecosystem or on Earth.

Ecosystem Diversity

The variety of ecosystems in a given region or across the planet.

Biodiversity Hotspot

A region rich in species diversity but highly threatened by human activities.

Endemic Species

Species found nowhere else in the world.

Simpson’s Diversity Index (SDI)

A mathematical formula measuring biodiversity by considering both species richness and evenness.

Quadrat Sampling

A method for measuring biodiversity by placing a square frame in a study area to count species.

Transect Sampling

A method for measuring biodiversity alongside a gradient by recording species at regular intervals.

Invasive Species

Non-native organisms introduced to new ecosystems that often harm native species.

Habitat Destruction

The clearing or altering of natural environments for human activities.

Pollution

The introduction of harmful substances into the environment, degrading ecosystems.

Overexploitation

Extracting resources at a faster rate than they can be replenished, leading to species declines.

In Situ Conservation

Protecting species within their natural habitats.

Ex Situ Conservation

Removing species from their natural habitats to protect them in controlled environments.

Captive Breeding

Breeding endangered species in captivity to increase their populations.

Reintroduction Programs

Releasing captive-bred or rescued animals back into their natural habitats.

Protected Areas

Designated regions where human activity is restricted to protect biodiversity.

Habitat Restoration

Repairing damaged ecosystems to restore lost biodiversity.

The IUCN Red List

A list that classifies species based on their risk of extinction.

Conservation Success Stories

Examples where biodiversity has been restored or protected effectively.

Conservation Failures

Examples where conservation efforts have been ineffective or led to species declines.

Ecotourism

Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.

Species Richness

The total number of species present in a given ecosystem or area.

Species Evenness

The relative abundance of different species in an ecosystem.