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Do women wear veils in West Africa?
No
Are women allowed to go out in public without men in West Africa?
Yes
What groups of people were traded in the Trans-Saharan Slave Trade
Women and Children
How do are people able to escape Islam in West Africa?
By converting to Islam
Could slaves in West Africa be educated or have status?
Yes
What is the first society to spread Islam
Ghana
What group of people converted to Islam most often in West Africa.
Elites
How were West African societies ran before the introduction of Islam?
Kinship based stateless societies
What does Islam do?
Unify
Ghana and Mali were able to grow and prosper because of what?
Gold/Salt trade and a strong military
How did Mansa Musa’s hajj affect Mali?
Brought architecture, scholars, and caused high inflation
What was the Center of learning in Mali?
Timbuktu
What were the oral historians and record keepers of West Africa called?
Griots
NOT IN WEST AFRICA* What was Great Zimbabwe made out of?
Stone
What was a crucial farming crop in West Africa?
Grain
What time period were the Bantu at their height?
1000BCE to 1000CE
What did the Bantu bring into West Africa?
Bananas, farming techniques, iron, common language, and diseases (malaria)
Are the Bantu known for Islam?
No
Who traveled all throughout Dar-al-Islam and is the reason why we know so much about those past African societies today?
Ibn Battuta
What was a main source of revenue for West Africa?
Gold/Salt trade
What are two pieces of technology that aided in trans-saharan trade?
Caravans and camel saddles
Did Swahili men commonly have only one wife?
No
Who were the elites on the Swahili Coast?
Merchants
Where there Slaves on the Swahili Coast?
Yes
Who ruled on the Swahili Coast?
Kings
What were some important Swahili city-states?
Kilwa, Mombasa, and Mogadishu
What id Islam do to Swahlili political control?
Unified and tightened it
What ocean is the Swahili Coast located on?
Indian Ocean
What did the merchants have to learn to use to their advantage?
The monsoon winds
While in port cities waiting on the monsoon winds, what did merchants commonly do?
Marry women and start families in port cities
Where monsoon winds a continuity?
Yes
What were some common traded goods along the Swahili Coast?
Slaves, gold, feathers, and tortoise shells
Who controlled trade along the Swahili Coast?
Merchants
What Ocean did people on the Swahili Coast use to trade?
Indian Ocean
What are the Arabian people known for inventing?
Lateen sails and the astrolabe
What are the Chinese known for inventing?
Junks and rudders
What was the Aztec social system calpulli based off of?
Occupation
What was the name of the merchant calpulli
Pochtecca
Was the Aztec civilization a matriarchy?
No
Was slavery present in the Aztec civilization?
Yes
What was the Incan government model called?
Ayllus
What did Incan Socialism do?
distribute everything equally as to provide for the women and children
What was split inheritance?
A system in which the dead father keeps the wealth to rule in the afterlife, and the son inherits the goverment but has to conquer more in order to gain more wealth
Was the Aztec empire made up of many city-states?
Yes
What was the capital of the Aztec empire?
Tenochtitlan
What lake was Tenochtitlan built on?
Lake Texcoco
Since the Aztec empire held a tribute system, what other system was used on newly conquered lands?
autonomy (local elites stay in power)
Where is Aztecs tolerant?
Yes
Where the Aztecs a bureacracy?
No
Where the Incas a bureacracy?
Yes
What was the Incan common language?
Quecha
What was the tool that the Incans used to keep records called?
Quipu
What are chinampas?
Floating gardens that the Aztecs used for agriculture.
What did the use of chinampas lead to?
Food surplus and population growth
What technology did the Aztecs not have yet?
Wheels, iron, and draft animals
Where were the Incas located?
The Andes Mountains (Pacific side)
What was Incan terrace farming called?
Waru Waru
Why did the Aztecs make human sacrifices?
To instill fear in neighboring communities and for religious reasons
What was the Aztec writing system based on?
Hieroglyphics
The Incas were tolerant as long as what?
the people worshiped Inti
Where the Incas Monotheistic or Polytheistic?
Polytheistic
Did the Incas have a writing system?
No
What did the Incas do after important rulers passed?
Mummified the body
How did the Aztec source their economy?
Farming with chinampas
Why did the Aztecs rely so heavily on slave labor?
They did not have the wheel or draft animals to be able to transport items in bulk
How did the Incas source their economy?
Farming
What was the Aztec calendar based off?
Astronomy
What did the pyramids demonstrate in the Aztec empire?
Mathmatics
What did the Aztecs utilize to travel?
Compass
Through what did the Aztec transport natural resourses in and out of Tenochtitlan?
Aqueducts and causeways
What was a quipu
a tool made of knotted cords used for record keeping
Were the Gunpowder Empires were patriarchies?
Yes
Did the women wear veils in the Gunpowder empires?
Yes
Sultans were
the kings
Janissaries were
military leaders
Ulama were
religious leaders
Ayan were
calvery and land owners that overtaxed the peasants
The grand rizier was
The sultan advisor
Pasha were
higher military and bureaucrats
Why were the peasants so poor?
They were overtaxed by the ayan
What is fratricide?
killing of brothers in order to be able to take control of the throne
A paid group of people that was in charge of taxation, construction, and water supply in the Mughal empire was called
Zamindars
Who conquered Constantinoble in 1453?
Mehmed II
When gunpowder started being used in warfare, what happened to city walls?
They became useless
Who was the tribute system paid to?
The Ottoman empire
Who were the two notable Ottoman rulers?
Mehmed II and Suleiman the Magnificent
What did Suleiman the Magnificent do for the Ottoman empire?
Codify laws, brought new architecture, and transformed the Higa Sofia into a mosque
What is devshirme?
A labor system where christain slave boys were captured and put to work, however if the proved to be worthy enough, some may go on to the bureacrats
Who was pushing to invade the Ottoman empire?
The Balkans
Akbar was a capable and fair leader. What did he do for the Hindu and Muslim religions?
Blended them
Who was Arengzeb?
Akbars successor who attempted to conquer all of India, but ended up reversing everything Akbar worked for, persecuting Hindus, and made taking over the Safavid empire easier for the Europeans.
The take over of Constantinoble signaled what switch?
The switch from a Christian empire to a Muslim ruled empire
Who was the Taj Mahal built by and what for?
Shah Jahan built if for his wife who died during child birth
Why are the Muslim empires called the Gunpowder empires?
It was the first time gunpowder was used in warfare with canons and heavy artillery
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