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AP US GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
1ST AMENDMENT
freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly
Engel vs Vitale
A landmark Supreme Court case that ruled it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
Engel vs Vitale related clause
establishment clause
Wisconsin vs Yoder
A Supreme Court case that ruled that Amish children could not be placed under compulsory education past 8th grade, as it violated their religious beliefs and practices.
Wisconsin vs Yoder related clause
Free exercise clause
Accommodationist view
Government should advocate for a small degree of religious accommodation in public life.
Slippery slope counterargument
freedom of religion
government can recognize a religion, not enforce it
Separationist view
Complete separation of church and state
freedom from religion
Endorsement view
government should not favor one religion over another, forcing neutrality
free exercise clause
free exercise of religion
establishment clause
government cannot enforce religion
bill of attainder
a legislative act that singles out and punishes an individual or group without a trial.
strongly unconstitutional
in what clause is the bill of attainder explicitly prohibited
Article 1 Section 9
Burger Court
Supreme court under chief justice warren burger
what key cases did the burger court cover
Roe v Wade, Lemons vs Kurtzman, NY Times vs US,
what is roe v wade
abortion rights, overturned recently
what clause did the lemon vs Kurtzman case cover
establishment clause
what did the Ny Times vs US involve
the pentagon papers and first amendment right to free press
civil liberties
constitutionally established
restraining gov actions against people
all individuals with citizenship get equal protection and civil rights
14th amendment
basic freedom of all people
removable in emergencies
overturnable
civil rights
actions to create equality by the government
basic rights from discrimination
how people should be treated
cannot be changed nor modified
what is the civil rights act most related to
civil rights guaranteed by all people
Most of the Bill of Rights applies to state governments under what amendment and clause
14th amendment: due process clause
Selective Incorporation
Constitution inserts various parts of the bill of rights into state law and constitution, thus requiring states to uphold the 10 amendments
What is the caveat of the first amendment
It does not apply to private companies.
2nd amendment
right to bear arms
3rd amendment
no forced quartering of soldiers
4th amendment
search and seizure cannot be conducted without warrant and probable cause
5th amendment
right to remain silent
prevention from double jeopardy (charged twice for same crime)
protection against deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
private property cannot be taken for public use without just compensation
6th amendment
right to speedy trial
right to impartial jury
right to confront and cross-examine witnesses
right to legal counsel (lawyer)
7th amendment
right to jury trial in cases exceeding 20$
what cases do the 7th amendment apply to
only civil cases in federal court
8th amendment
protection against cruel and unusual punishment
9th amendment
rights stated in the constitution are not the only rights of citizens
10th amendment
reserves powers not delegated to the federal government nor prohibited by the state to the state
federalism
11th amendment
limit’s ability of individuals to sue states in federal court
12th amendment
modified presidential electoral process, changing how president and vice president are elected
13th amendment
abolished slavery and forced labour
14th amendment
citizenship to all those who were born or naturalized within US
equal protection against law
15th amendment
right to vote
16th amendment
allows government to impose and collect income tax
17th amendment
direct election of us senators by voters of each state
18th amendment
prohibition of alcohol sale, manufacture, and distribution
19th amendment
women can vote
20th amendment
presidential terms starts at Jan 20, while congress terms start at Jan 3
21st amendment
repeal of 18th amendment
22nd amendment
2 year terms, max of 10 years in office
23rd amendment
DC can vote and thus were given 3 electoral votes.
24th amendment
prohibition of poll taxes and other barriers to voting
25th amendment
clarifies how the succession occurs after President unexpectedly leaves office
26th amendment
lowered voting age from 21 to 18
27th amendment
This amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits any law that increases or decreases the salary of members of Congress from taking effect until after the next election of representatives.
allowed restrictions on free speech
speech representing a clear and present danger
speech that might lead to some evil
protected speech
commercial speech
symbolic speech
political speech
symbolic speech
actions and gesture that convey a meaning
tinker vs des moines
black armbands to protest the Vietnam war upheld as symbolic speech
texas vs Johnson
action for the purpose of expressing a political opinion (burning a flag)
prior restraint
blocking speech before it is given
strongly unconstitutional
in NY Times vs US (the pentagon papers), how did the court view prior restraint
court refused prior restraint
government may be embarrassed but there is no national security threat
unprotected speech
obscenity (pornography), slander
campus speech - hate speech victimizing a individual based on demographics
