Key Revision from Sem 1 Y2 swk

Erikson’s first stage and is?

trust vs mistrust - learning to trust people to take care of them or difficulty trusting later in life

Erikson’s second stage is?

Autonomy vs shame - learning to be a bit more independent and autonomous or shame and doubt later

Erikson’s third stage is?

Initiative vs guilt - learning to control environment appropriately or guilt, self doubt and lack of initiative later

Erikson’s fourth stage is?

Industry vs inferiority - learning some new skills or will feel inferior afterwards

Erikson’s fifth stage is?

Identity vs role confusion - develop personal identity or will struggle with who they are and how they fit

Erikson’s sixth stage is?

Intimacy vs isolation - form strong and intimate relationships or will feel isolated

Erikson’s seventh stage is?

Generativity vs stagnation - create things that outlast them or will feel less involved in world

Erikson’s eighth stage is?

Ego integrity vs despair - be content in reflecting on life or will feel bitterness, regret, and despair

What years does Erikson’s 1st stage apply to?

Birth to 1.5

What years does Erikson’s 2nd stage apply to?

2 to 3

What years does Erikson’s 3rd stage apply to?

3 to 5

What years does Erikson’s 4th stage apply to?

6 to 11

What years does Erikson’s 5th stage apply to?

12 to 18

What years does Erikson’s 6th stage apply to?

19 to 40

What years does Erikson’s 7th stage apply to?

40 to 65

What years does Erikson’s 8th stage apply to?

65+

What are Piaget’s 4 stages?

• Sensorimotor - 0-2

• Pre-operational - 2-6

• Concrete operational - 7-12

• Formal operational - 12 - adult

What is the age of sensorimotor?

0-2

What is the age of preoperational?

2 to 6

What is the age of concrete operational?

7 to 12

What is the age of formal operational?

12+

Explain what Freud’s 2 key contributions to human development theory as we know it today were?

Explanation should include:

• Identification and explanation of roles and relationships between id, ego, and superego

• Identification of psychosexual stages

• Explanation of general overview of psychosexual stages meaning

What are the key milestones of the sensorimotor stage?

1. Exploring the world through interaction (think sensori = take in new info and motor = move around)

2. Development of separation anxiety

3. Development of object permanence

What are the key milestones of the preoperational stage?

1. Ability to use words and pictures to represent objects, however, inability to logically reason with objects yet

2. Ability to pretend

3. Egocentricity - unable to understand that different people have different perspectives, needs, etc

What are the key milestones of the concrete operational stage?

1. Can now think logically about concrete objects e.g. holding and counting (think concrete = something concrete you can hold, and operational = manipulating that thing to perform logic operations on it)

2. Understands conservation

What are the key milestones of the formal operational stage?

1. Capacity for abstract thinking and reasoning

2. Capacity for moral reasoning

Explain the very basics of attachment theory

Explanation should include:

1. Explanation of how the basis of attachment theory is the need for consistent and responsive caregiving for children to see the world as a safe place - link to maternal deprivation theory

2. Explanation that “inconsistent” caregiving, essentially, neglect, violence, mistreatment, etc, compromises the development of secure attachment, causing alternative styles which influence the way someone relates to others

Explain how attachment theory links to neurobiology

Explanation should include:

1. We have an inherent requirement for attachment as mammals - Harlow

2. Quality of early attachment seems to impact the brain and nervous system as it develops

3. There is evidence that these effects on the brain and nervous system also get transferred biologically

What does attachment theory and research say about caregiving from other caregivers to parents e.g. childcare?

Attachment theory and current research say:

1. Caregiving and attachments with other caregivers are not inherently a bad thing; in fact, they can be useful by increasing social resources and socialisation if you want to look at it that way

2. The determinant of the effects of these attachments is the quality of the attachment and relationship - positive if a child is cared for, negative if not

What is each stage of Maslows hierarchy of needs?

1. Physiological - basic survival needs

2. Safety - secure and stable environment

3. Belonging and love - Close relationships and group membership of different kinds and at different levels

4. Esteem - self respect and respect from others

5. Self-actualisation

What are the 7 stages of the social work process?

1. Preparing

2. Beginning

3. Exploring

4. Assessing

5. Contracting

6. Evaluating

7. Termination

What are the 5 core principles of pro-social practice?

1. Identify prosocial comments and behaviour

2. Reinforce prosocial comments and behaviour

3. Identify unwanted comments and behaviour

4. Address unwanted comments and behaviour

5. Model prosocial comments and behaviour

What are the 6 stages of family life cycle theory?

1. Unattached young adult

2. Newly married couple

3. Family with young children

4. Family with adolescents

5. Family with children leaving

6. Family in later life

What are the key processes involved in stage 1 of family life cycle theory?

Restructuring relationships and family systems (both immediate and extended) to reflect new independence of young adult

What are the key processes involved in stage 2 of family life cycle theory?

• Integration of differing values passed on from parents, picking up the ones that work for the couple and leaving the ones that don’t so that the new agreednvalues can work in harmony

• Re-evaluation of family systems to reflect addition of family member, and new life stage

What are the key processes involved in stage 3 of family life cycle theory?

• Biggest thing is accepting new identity as a parent, including responsibilities that children bring, how life looks very different with them, the need to care for them, etc

• Another restructure of the way you relate to other family members

• Restructuring roles and responsibilities with partner to reflect children

• Being an authority figure to children

What are the key processes involved in stage 4 of family life cycle theory?

• Providing the circle of security (to link it back to that), where the child has enough independence to go out and explore the world (relative to their age of course), but are able to, and know they are able to, come back to safety when in trouble if needed

• Refocusing on non-child related things as they are already taking up less time and responsibility, and will soon take up even less

What are the key processes involved in stage 5 of family life cycle theory?

• Assisting children’s independence across multiple domains

• Supporting, not controlling children

• Rearranging family system to reflect not having kids in the home anymore, and being back at stage 2 again in a way

What are the key processes involved in stage 6 of family life cycle theory?

• Redefining generational roles to reflect changes in independence, maturity, development, roles, etc

• Accepting less power and responsibility with older age (although this differs across cultures)