World Geo Test 1

absolute location

the exact position of a place on earth’s surface

relative location

location in relation to other places

geography

human characteristics

man-made aspects of the land

physical characteristics

natural aspects of the land

longitude

lines drawn from the north pole to the south pole; also called meridians

prime meridian

0° longitude, the master reference for time keeping

international dateline

mostly at 180 degrees longitude, helps determine the change of one calendar day to the next.

latitude

circles drawn around the globe that are parallel to the equator; also called parallels

equator

0 degrees latitude, separates the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere on earth.

tropic of cancer

the most northern latitude where the sun can be seen directly overhead

tropic of Capricorn

the most southern latitude where the sun can be seen directly overhead

compass rose

a circle showing the principle directions printed on a map or chart

map scale

refers to the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size on earth

projection

the scientific method of transferring locations on earth’s surface to a flat map.

diffuse

spread

elevation

the height of a land surface above the level of the sea.

relief

the variation in elevation across an area of Earth’s land.

remote sensing

the science of obtaining information about an object or area from a distance, typically from instruments in aircraft or satellites.

culture

the way of life of a group of people who share similar culture traits, including beliefs, customs, technology, and material items.

population

the total number of people in a place.

population density

the average number of people living on a square mile or square kilometer of land

urbanization

the relocation of people from rural areas to urban areas

population pyramid

a diagram that shows the distribution of a population by age and gender

demographics

a specific characteristic of a human population, or a distinct group of people categorized by shared traits such as age, gender, income, or race

birth rate

number of births per year for every 1000 people

death rate

number of deaths per year for every 1000 people

natural increase

the growth rate of a population; the difference between birthrate and and death rate

unitary system

form of government in which all key powers are given to the national or central government.

federal system

form of government in which powers are divided between the national government and state or provincial governments

autocracy

system of government in which one person rules with unlimited power and authority.

monarchy

a form of autocracy with a hereditary king or queen exercising supreme power

oligarchy

system of government in which a small group holds power

theocracy

system of government in which those who rule are regarded as divinely inspired.

democracy

system of government in which leaders rule with consent of the citizens

what is the capital of Antigua and Barbuda?

St. John’s

what is the capital of the Bahamas?

Nassau

what is the capital of Barbados?

Bridgetown

what is the capital of Belize?

Belmopan

what is the capital of Canada?

Ottawa

what is the capital of the United States?

Washington D.C.

what is the capital of Mexico?

Mexico City

what is the capital of Jamaica?

Kingston

what is the capital of Nicaragua?

Managua

5 themes of geography

1. place

2. region

3. movement

4. human interaction

5. location

3 ways humans interact with their environment

1) creating buildings, stores and shelters, 2) growing food on the land 3) creating pollution with adding waste to the environment

how can we use population pyramids to better understand the country besides the data presented in the graph?

the graphs also show effects of a countries past, for example during world war II a large wave of men died

how does the population affect other aspects of geography? (2-3 specific examples)

1) migration of people due to increase or decrease in population can effect the amount of food needed to be grown on the land

2) population distribution effects geography as more urban areas will create more pollution

3) population density effects the number of people in a particular place resulting in different or more needs in different areas.