OOP Exam 2

Abstraction

Specifying a general interface while hiding implementation details

Algorithm

A procedure for solving a specific problem, expressed as an ordered set of actions

Assertion

An expression that, if false, indicates a program error

Class

A template encapsulating data and code that manipulates it

Constructor

A special class member that creates and initializes an object from the class

Data Validation

Ensuring that a program operates on clean, correct and useful data

Declaration

A statement that introduces a name with an associated type into a scope

Definition

A declaration that also fully specifies the entity declared

Encapsulation

Bundling data and code into a restricted container

Enumerated type

A data type that includes a fixed set of constant values called enumerators

Exception

An object created to represent an error or other unusual occurrence and then propagated via special mechanisms until caught by special handling code

Field

A class member variable

Getter

A method that returns the value of a private variable

Invariant

Code for which specified assertions are guaranteed to be true

Method

A function that manipulates data in a class

Object

An instance of a class containing a set of encapsulated data and associated methods

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

A style of programming focused on the use of classes and class hierarchies

Operator

A short string representing a mathematical, logical, or machine control action

Setter

A method that changes the value of a private variable

Shadowing

A variable declared in a narrower scope than that of a variable of the same name declared in a broader scope

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

The standard visual modeling language used to describe, specify, design, and document the structure and behavior of object-oriented systems

Validation Rules

Algorithmically enforceable constraints on the correctness, meaningfulness, and security of input data

Variable

A block of memory associated with a symbolic name that contains a primitive data value or the address of an object instance

Inheritance

Reuse and extension of fields and method implementations from another class

Primitive Type

a data type that can typically be handled directly by the underlying hardware

Interface

A reference type containing only method signatures, default methods, static methods, constants and nested types

Instance

An encapsulated bundle of data and code (e.g., an instance of a program is a process; an instance of a class is an object)

Destructor

a special class member that cleans up when an object is deleted (not supported by Java)

Multiple Inheritance

A subclass inheriting class members from two or more superclasses

Superclass

The class from which members are inherited

Subclass

the class inheriting members

Abstract Class

a class that cannot be instantiated

Abstract Method

a method declared with no implementation

Override

A subclass replacing its superclass’ implementation of a method

Namespace

a named scope

Package

a grouping of related types providing access protection and namespace management

Version Control

The task of keeping a system consisting of many versions well organized

Branch

a second distinct development path within the same organization and often within the same version control system

Fork

a second distinct and independent development path undertaken (often by a different organization) to create a unique product

Baseline

A reference point in a version control system, usually indicating completion and approval of a product release and sometimes used to support a fork.

Class Hierarchy

defines the inheritance relationships between a set of classes

Class Library 

a collection of classes designed to be used together efficiently