Topic_6-1_Cloning__Plasmids__Gel_Electrophoresis__w_admin_stuff_

Recombinant DNA Technology

A set of techniques for combining DNA from different sources, often used in genetic engineering.

Gene Cloning

The process of making multiple identical copies of a particular gene or DNA sequence.

Plasmid

A small circular double-stranded DNA molecule that can replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome.

Transformation

The process by which a bacterium takes up and expresses foreign DNA.

Restriction Enzymes

Proteins that can cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, used for manipulating DNA in genetic engineering.

DNA Ligase

An enzyme that covalently links the sugar-phosphate backbones of two DNA strands, sealing nicks in the DNA.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A technique used to amplify a specific DNA segment, making millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.

Gel Electrophoresis

A method for separating DNA fragments based on their size by applying an electric field to a gel matrix.

Haploinsufficient

A condition in which a single copy of a gene is not sufficient to produce a normal phenotype.

Endonucleases

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites within the strand, important in genetic engineering.

CRISPR/Cas

A genome editing tool that allows for the precise alteration of DNA in organisms.

Gene Therapy

Technique aimed at treating or preventing disease by modifying or manipulating genes.

Selectable Markers

Genes that provide a trait suitable for artificial selection, often used to identify successful transformants.

Exogenous DNA

DNA that originates from outside an organism's natural genome.

Isogenic

Genetically identical, typically referring to clones produced from a single bacterial organism.

Wild-type

The typical form of a species, often used as a reference in genetics.

Mutant Chromosome

A chromosome that has undergone a mutation, possibly affecting its function or viability.