Bio unit 1-3

Biology

the study of life and organisms.

Homeostasis

maintaining a relatively steady internal state.

Metabolism

chemical reactions taking place inside an organism's cells.

Gene

is a segment of DNA containing information for a specific protein.

Independent Variable

The factor the scientist changes/manipulates.

Dependent Variable

The outcome that is measured.

Control Group

The group that is not manipulated.

Experimental Group

The group that receives the experimental manipulation.

Model organism

an organism scientists study to learn about other organisms that may be difficult to study directly.

Science

an evidence-based approach used to explain our world.

Theory

 hypothesis that has been rigorously tested by multiple scientist and never been rejected

Cell

Basic unit found in all organisms

Stimulus

Something an organism can detect/respond to

DNA

Genetic material containing information for reproduction

Adaptation

Trait that helps an organism survive in its environment

Independent variable

Which variable does the scientist manipulate?

Testable

What must a hypothesis be?

They produce better statistical results

Why are larger sample sizes generally preferred?

Studying mice to understand cancer

Which is an example of a model organism?

are molecules that enter cells

Why aren't viruses considered alive according to your notes?

Hurricane

Rapidly rotating tropical storm system

Eye of the Storm

Low-pressure center of a hurricane

Storm Surge

Rise of ocean water associated with a storm

Weather

Short-term atmospheric conditions

Climate

Long-term average weather patterns

El Niño

Ocean pattern that affects global climate over the short term

La Niña

Ocean pattern that affects global climate over the short term

Greenhouse Gas

Gas that traps heat in the atmosphere

Greenhouse Effect

Heat-trapping effect of greenhouse gases

Carbon Cycle

Movement of carbon through living organisms and the environment

Glacier

Large body of ice storing freshwater

Drought

Extended lack of sufficient water

Climate Model

Computer simulation used to explore climate scenarios

Carbon Capture & Storage

Technology that captures CO₂ emissions

Carbon Neutral

Goal of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions

Methane

Which greenhouse gas is associated with cows' digestion?

Nitrous oxide

What greenhouse gas is released by fertilizers?

Solar, wind, hydro, and nuclear.

Name four alternatives to fossil fuels

Atoms

Smallest unit of Matter

Proton

positive particle with amass of 1

Neutron

Neutral particle with mass of 1

Electron

Negative particle with negligible mass

Element

Substance made of one type of atom

Atomic Number

Number of protons

Atomic Mass

Protons + neutrons

Isotope

Same element, different number of neutrons

Radioisotope

Unstable isotope

Orbital

Region where electrons are found

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell

Chemical Bond

Attractive force holding atoms together

Ion

Charged atom or molecule

Ionic Bond

Bond formed by electron transfer

Covalent Bond

Bond formed by electron sharing

Nonpolar Covalent

Electrons shared equally

Polar Covalent

Electrons shared unequally

Electronegativity

How strongly an atom attracts electrons

Hydrogen Bond

Attraction involving H and F, O, or N

Hydrophilic

Dissolves well in water

Hydrophobic

Does not dissolve in water

Cohesion

Water sticks to water

Adhesion

Water sticks to another surface

Surface Tension

Resistance of water's surface to being punctured