history quiz 1

the three sisters

main agricultural crops cultivated by indigenous people — maize, beans, and squash

cahokia

c. 1050-1300 CE largest mississippian center; 30k ppl at peak; declines b of warfare + environmental factors

the iroquois confederacy

5 tribes came together to make an alliance (1500)

setter colonialism

term used by scholars dissatisfied with historical frameworks that naturalized anglophone global expansion; launched methods/approaches centered around NA; however, it only focuses on the elimination of NA as a defining aspect + does not recognize NA soverignty

animism

believes natural world is infused with spirituality; animals used to represent supernatural world

the columbian exchange

exchange of biological, plants, goods, and diseases between new/old world

mercantilism

an economic system promoting the view that governments were in direct competition with each other and the ultimate aim was to become more self-sufficient + more power than others

big 3 of mercantilism

1. bullionsism — economic health of a state could be measured by amount of precious metal it possessed

2. favorable balance of trade — export more than import

3. creare colonies that provide sources of raw materials and captive markets for manufactured goods (keep wealth within empire)

the virginia company

joing-stock company created to establish english colonies

the armada

was a large Spanish fleet sent by King Philip II in 1588 to invade England, but it was defeated by the English.

jamestown

first permanent english colony in US

first anglo-powhatan war

Conflict between English settlers at Jamestown and the Powhatan Confederacy over land and resources — powhatans cut off trade + food supplies to keep control, ending with a peace agreement and the marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe.

the house of burgesses

representative body composed of white landowners

2nd anglo-powhatan war

Powhatan attacks killed many English colonists, but the English retaliated and gradually took more Native land, ending with another peace agreement.

3rd anglo-powhatan war

Final major conflict between the English and Powhatan (engliish inavaded and burned towns, religious structure), ending with Powhatan defeat and a treaty that greatly reduced their territory and independence.

peace treaty of 1616

declared powhatans subjects of england in return for protection of land

headright system

guaranteed 50 acres of land to anyone who paid the passage of a new immigrant to the colony

indentured servitude

time-limit slavery

pilgrims

seperatist english refugees who settled plymouth colony

mayflower compact

a set of rules for self-governance esablished by english settlers who traveled to NW on mayflower

puritans

believed they could purify english church from within

roger williams

opposed making an official religion; founder of RI

anne hutchinson

believed god revealed divine truth to individuals; heretical to puritans

the pequot war

armed puritans marched into pequot to attack