AA Head and Face Muscles

Color key: Origin/Orange, Insertion/Ivory, Action/Amethyst, Innervation/Indigo

List some of the 7 muscles in the head and face

1. Temporalis

2. Masseter

3. Pterygoids

4. Occipitofrontalis

5. Orbicularis Oculi

6. Orbicularis Oris

7. Suboccipitals

Temporalis OIAI

Origin: Temporal bone

Insertion: Mandible (coronoid process and ramus)

Action: Elevation of mandible

Innervation: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

What blood vessel is in the temporalis?

Superficial artery

Masseter OIAI

Origin: Zygomatic and temporal bones (zygomatic arch)

Insertion: Mandible (ramus and angle)

Action: Elevates the mandible

Innervation: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

The ___ gland and duct are superficial to the masseter

Parotid

Pterygoids Insertion and Action

Insertion: Medial pterygoid on the mandible

Action: Movement of the mandible (medial and lateral!)

Occipitalis OIAI

Origin: Occipital bone

Insertion: Galea aponeurotica

Action: Elevates the eyebrows

Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Frontalis IAI

Insertion: Fascia/skin above the eye and nose

Action: Elevate the eyebrows

Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

What are some differences between the occipitalis and frontalis?

Their origins and insertions are different.

The occipitalis’s origin is the occipital bone, and its insertion is the galea aponeurotica

The frontalis’s origin is the galea aponeurotica, and its insertion is the fascia/skin above the eye

Describe the galea aponeurotica

It’s a broad, flat tendon uniting the muscle fibers of the frontalis and occipitalis.

Orbicularis oculi action and innervation

Action: Closes the eye

Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Orbicularis oris action and innervation

Action: Closes the lips

Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

List the 4 suboccipital muscles

1. Rectus capitis posterior minor

2. Rectus capitis posterior major

3. Obliquus/oblique capitis superior

4. Obliquus/oblique capitis inferior

Rectus capitis posterior minor OIAI

Origin: C1

Insertion: Occipital bone

Action: Extends the head at the atlantooccipital joint

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve

Rectus capitis posterior major OIAI

Origin: C2

Insertion: Occipital bone

Action: Extends the head at the atlantooccipital joint. Also LF and R

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve

Obliquus capitis superior OIAI

Origin: C1

Insertion: Occipital bone

Action: Extends and laterally flexes the head on the atlantooccipital joint

Innervation: Suboccipital nerve

Obliquus capitis inferior OIAI

Origin: C2

Insertion: C1

Action: Rotation to the same side at the atlantoaxial joint

Innervation: Suboccipital

What muscle group contributes to tension headaches?

Suboccipitals

What two muscles are closest to the superficial temporal artery?

Temporalis and masseter

What two muscles are closest to the facial artery?

Orbicularis oculi and oris.

Where is the parotid salivary gland and duct?

Superficial to the posterior portion of the masseter and temporalis insertion

Where is the submandibular gland?

The inner surface of the mandible

Where are the superficial lymph nodes located?

Masseter and temporalis

Origin:

Insertion:

Action:

Innervation:

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