Lecture Exam 1

Ch. 1-4

Bacteria

Which of the following types of cells are prokaryotic?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

The order of taxonomic ranks is

Taxonomy

Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?

Genes

____ are the units of inheritance

Community

A localized group of organisms that belong to a different species is called a

A molecule containing two or more elements

Compounds

Three

An ion with three protons, four neutrons, and a mass of seven has an atomic number of

Far right of the periodic table, full valence electron shell.

Noble gases

8 neutrons

The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains

Characteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

Cells are

Archaea, Eukarya, Bacteria

Domains of life

Gene expression

Process by which information in a gene directs synthesis of a protein

Not form hydrogen bonds with each other

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen, but has electronegativity similar to carbon (low electronegativity). Compared to water molecules, molecules of H2S will

A lake heats up more slowly than the air around it.

Which of the following can be attributed to water's high specific heat?

helps in cooling because water evaporates from the skin faster

Low humidity in the atmosphere on a hot day

increase in CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Melting of ice and thus reduced feeding opportunities for polar bears is occurring because of the

increases and thus pH increases

As the [H3O+] of the solution decreases, the [OH-]

Its electron configuration (valence electrons)

The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on

The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

carboxyl and amino groups

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiol

Adenosine

Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP?

Natural; process occurs naturally, increase chance for survival

Artificial; traits selected by humans, dont always increase chance of survival

Both have traits inherited by parents

How does natural selection compare to artificial selection?

Process scientists use to study and research

Scientific method

Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion, Result

Order of scientific method

Independent; what you, the scientist, modifies

Dependent; what is changed as a result

Independent vs Dependent Variable

Full valence shell, chemically inert. Aroace.

Noble gases

Valence shell (# of unpaired valence electrons)

Amount of bonds an element can form is determined by

Elements of the same kind; same # of protons, different # of neutrons

Isotopes

One atom is more electronegative than the other, shared electrons spend more time closer together to it

Polar bonds

High surface tension, high specific heat, low density when solid, cohesion, adhesion, dissolving many solutes

Characteristics of water due to the H bonds it can form

They are nonpolar and dont have charges/partial charges to interact with water

Why dont hydrophobic substances dissolve in water?

Can maintain a stable pH when exposed to an acid/base

What makes a solution a good buffer?

10⁻⁴

The pH of tomato juice is 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of tomato juice?

The presence of carbon

What makes a compound organic

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Isomers

Isotopes that decay

Radioactive isotopes

Left side of the formula

Reactants

Right side of the formula

Products

Base

A solution has a pH of 8. Is this an acid or a base?

pH 4

What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxide ion [OH-] concentration of 10⁻¹⁰

both happen due to H bonds in water

Cohesion & adhesion similarities

Water sticking to itself

Cohesion

Water sticking to other substances

Adhesion