ENGLAPP - Research Paper

Report

is a systematic, well-organized presentation of an issue, a problem, or an incident.

Informative Report

to inform

Investigative Report

to investigate

Recommendation Report

to recommend

Polit & Beck, 2004

• step-by-step

• standardized

Sanchez, 2002

• making known the unknown

• to arrive at a new truth

Western Sydney University, 2020

new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge

Research

is a systematic and scientific way of investigating and gathering information to answer a particular problem, establish facts, and reach conclusions.

systematic

The research should be _______

There is a system to follow in conducting research as there is a system for writing its parts.

macrosystem

chapter

microsystem

detailed contents of each chapter

objective

The research should be ______

A researcher should objectively look at the basis on which the work is founded.

The researcher must never produce results out of nowhere.

The results should never be based on biases

feasible

The research should be ______

Conducting research must be within your ability, resources, and time limit.

It should be doable considering the factors above.

empirical

The research should be _______

There should be supporting pieces of evidence and accompanying details.

References and citations of facts and information must be included.

clear

The research should be _______

The research should be well written and explained.

This can be done by enriching the review of literature.

Abstract

summary of the contents of the paper, typically no more than 250 words

Introduction

Review of background or known information on your topic

Explain the significance

State what is lacking in the current knowledge – gap

Provide the objectives of your study or the research questions

Introduction

Literature Review

May be a separate part or may be integrated in the Introduction

Contains the summary and synthesis of all the available sources directly related to the study.

This section ends with a paragraph that synthesizes all the studies presented and puts the study in context.

Related concepts

explains some of the fundamental concepts needed by the readers to better understand the study. Some concepts and theories are defined, explained, and described.

Related studies

are based on previously conducted studies directly related to the paper.

RRL

RRS

salient findings

the most important “ingredients” to include since the discussion of the variables and their relationships will be based on them

Theoretical framework

is based on an existing theory in a field of inquiry that is related and/or reflects the hypothesis of a study (Adom et al., 2018)

Conceptual framework

structure which the researcher believes can best explain the natural progression of the phenomenon to be studied (Adom et al., 2018).

Statement of the Problem

Consists of the purpose statement and the research questions

Important elements of the general problem are:

• Main tasks – “what to do” with the major variables

• Participants – subjects or respondents

• The specific setting

• Coverage date of the conduct of the stud

Research Questions

The purpose statement is followed by an enumeration of the specific problems.

The specific problems are usually stated as questions that the researcher seeks to answer

The specific problems must meet the following criteria:

• Must be in question form;

• Must define the population and the sample (demographic profile); and

• Must identify the variables being studied

Research Questions

Scope

determined by the major variables of the study

Limitation

determined by the sub-variables

Scope and Limitation

Scope and Limitation

Significance of the study

Determines who will benefit from the study and how that specific audience will benefit from its findings.

Most to least benefited

Significance of the study

Method

Contains the processes and steps taken in gathering data for the research.

Participants

Indicate who and how many participated in the study.

Explain how the participants were selected (sampling technique).

Demographic characteristics: geographic location, institutional affiliation, gender, and sex.

If animals, report the genus, species, sex, age, weight, and physiological condition

Participants

Research design

refers to the overall strategy utilized to carry out a study

Quantitative research

“kwenta” is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data where it can be used to construct graphs and tables which show patterns and averages

Qualitative research

“kwento” involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences.

Research design

Instruments

Present the tools that you will use in gathering the data.

Questionnaire, interview, experiment, observation, etc

Interview

face-to-face interaction between the researcher and the subject

Questionnaire

contains a list of standardized questions that aim to get specific answers from respondents

most commonly used data gathering tool - economical

Experiment

researcher plans and executes a controlled situation to yield a result

Observation

researcher creates an opportunity to further monitor the subjects

Instruments

Procedure

Steps in the execution of the research that includes:

• Instructions to participants

• Formation of groups

• Standard testing procedure

• Address any ethical issue that might be raised.

Procedure

Data analysis

Presents how the data were analyzed, whether it be qualitatively (coding scheme) or quantitatively (statistical tools).

Data analysis

Results

Factually indicate what you found in your research

Contains tables and graphs (for quantitative research) summarizes the collected data contains respective interpretations

Results

Discussion

• Why’s of the results

• Discuss the relevance of your results

• How findings fit with other research in the area

• Relate back to your literature review and your introductory thesis statement

• Restate your research problems or objectives as well as the major findings

• New findings uncovered should also be stated

Discussion

References

Contains the different sources used in the study.

Academic books, journals, and other online sources.

APA 7th edition format

References