Ethics scholars

Kung

NL Aquinas’s concept of human nature and telos isn’t supported by reason

pope Benedict 15

NL forms the basis for human rights grounded in the dignity of humans

Martin Luther King

NL civil rights leader who used it

Barth

NL criticise role of reason to try find moral truths

Nielson

NL privileges certain perspectives while marginalising others

John Finnis

NL developed a modern version that develops natural rights

Macquerrie

SE describes it as subjective and individualistic

Craig

SE gods justice in the bible is just as important as his love

Bultmann

SE Jesus’ only ethics is to love thy neighbour

C S Lewis

SE writes about agape in his book the four loves

Augustine and Barth

SE his conscious is reliant on reason

Barclay

SE man has to be morally and lovingly fit to make decisions, otherwise the law should be used

D Z Phillips

SE can we ever be confident we’ve made the right choice

Pojman

Kant- critiques his attempts to make moral law excpetionless

Constant

critique of Kant’s axe that its acceptable to lie rather than harm

Karol Wojtyla

Kant- not treating people as a means to an end is inherent component of natural order

Utility- can justify horrendous actions for the pleasure of the many, not promoting justice and fairness

Nozick’s experience machine

Utility- most people don’t prioritise pleasure, happiness is more than avoiding pain

Bernard Williams- Jim and the Indians

Utility- it would be best if the majority wasn’t utilitarian as it would need preventative action

Peter Singer

developed preference utilitarianism

Milton Friedman

BE- trickle down economics means there is no responsibility other than to shareholders

Lord Sugar

bE- describes being ethical as a business choice

Solomon

BE profits come as a consequence of serving the public and employees

Edward Swoden

BE whistleblowing case against US gov that compromised surveillance plans

Crane and Matten

BE utility is comparable with the methodology of economics

W D Ross

BE- prima facie duties to distinguish what to follow in whistleblowing, prioritise the truth

Bowie

BE Kant shows what meaningful work should be like; freely chosen, help moral growth, sufficient wage

Singer

Euthanasia- desire for control over the way we die is a turn away from sanctity of life and willingness to to break strongest moral rule

Glover

Euthanasia, people who feel burdensome commit suicide

John Stuart Mill

Euthanasia, in matters not affecting others, individuals should have full autonomy

Kung

Euthanasia- a Christian who thinks god’s mercy gives humans freedom and the ability to make conscientious decisions

Pence

Euthanasia- killing people who don’t want to live isn’t wrong

Warncock and Macdonald

Euthanasia- there may be a time for an easeful death and to bring compassion into the law

Pope Benedict 15

Conscience- morality isn’t just doing what’s accepted by many

Hannah Arendt

Conscience- we must use our moral judgement even against unanimous opinion

Strohm

Conscience - Freud uses Nietzsche description of when guilt turns anger back on ourselves

Augustine and Newman

conscience is gos voice speaking to us , gods messenger

Ruland

conscience- though god invoked our conscience this isn’t exclusive to Christians, we interpret the voice of god

Fromm

conscience- changed from having an authoritarian view of the conscience as following authority to a humanist conscience to assess and evaluative behaviour

Piaget

conscience- moral reasoning depends on cognitive development, we develop autonomous morality to understand how rules help society

Adrian Thatcher

Sexual ethics- pre-ceremonial sex is moral given long history of loyalty at betrothal

Pope Francis

Sexual ethics- catholic figure who says there is still no grounds for considering recognition of homosexual unions

Gareth Moore

Sexual ethics- Christians uphold teaching on homosexuality while disregarding other teachings, like a cloth of different materials

Robinson

sexual ethics- Methodists were gay ordinations as a civil right

Siker

sexual ethics- we can view gay people the same way as the early church viewed gentile , to be incorporated into community

Cahill

sexual ethics- christianity’s opposition to divorce comes from attempts to limit men’s ability manipulate women and children

Leisur

sexual ethics- against NL as sexual acts have multiple purposes

Saunders and Stamford

Sexual ethics- against NL that catholic attitudes to homosexuality fuel intolerance