unit 1 parasites contiuned

Where do roundworms migrate to

tracheal migration, stomatic, mucosal

What are the routes of infection for roundworms

ingestion of infected egg, PH or transplacental and trans mammary

What are viseral larva migrans and ocular larva migrans and who are more susceptible

visceral- children can get it by eating infected dirt, chronic granulomatous lesions of the inner organs of children, especially the liver lungs, brain and eyes. Ocular- all patients sustain visual loss in affected eye. Adults who are immune compromised can get this, pregnant women, diabetics and the old.

What are the routes of infection in Hookworms

ingestion of hatched larvae, mucosal migration, tracheal migration, percutaneous, trans mammary ( canine only)

What is cutaneous larva migrans and what parasite causes it

caused by hookworm, creeping eruption, linear tracts of migrating larvae, inflamed tracks resulting in thickening of skin

What do cestodes require for the completion of their life cycle

2-3 hosts

What is the basic structure of cestodes

scolex ( head) which anchors into the intestine, strobila ( body) made of repeated segments called proglottids. Proglottids contain female and male parts and can self fertilize, all nutrients are absorbed through its epidermis

What is the basic life cycle of cestodes

The adult tapeworm lives in the definitive host and releases eggs or segments in the feces. The intermediate host eats the eggs, and the larval stage develops in its tissues. The definitive host then eats the infected intermediate host, and the larva develops into an adult tapeworm in the small intestine. The adult produces eggs, which are passed in the feces, and the cycle repeats.

What are the four basic kinds of second stage larva of cestodes and what do these stages do in the IH?

Cysticercus ( taenia spp), Strobilocerus ( taenia spp), Coenurus ( multicips spp), hydatid ( echinococcus spp)

What bacteria is associated with Nanophytes salmincola infection and what do we treat animals with when positive cases are identified?

Neorickettsia helminthoeca a gram-negative bacterium, which causes salmon poisoning disease in dogs. Treated with doxycycline, praziquantel

What are the general names of life cycles of protozoa

direct require 1 host and indirect require 2 host

What do merozoites do

Merozoites are asexual forms of protozoan parasites that invade host cells and multiply.

What are oocysts?-

Oocysts are resistant structures that contain developing stages of protozoa and are passed in feces to spread the infection.

What can Toxoplasma gondii cause in sheep, goats, and humans?-

abortion, stillbirths, fetal death, congenital infections, and development problems

What is the most common source for human infection of Toxoplasma gondii

eating undercooked meat containing tissue cysts, cat feces and litter

What can occur when pregnant women are exposed to Toxoplasma gondii

can cause an abortion stillbirth or fetal developmental problems

What must occur in whipworm eggs before they can become infective

eggs must mature in the environment

How often are whipworm eggs shed?-

intermittently; they are not released consistently with every BM

What is the infective stage of Oslerus olseri tracheal worm

L1

Where can Rhabditis strongyloides be found?

free-living soil nematode that can cause skin infections/dermatitis in dogs, especially when the skin is damaged or moist.

what parasites don’t have an IH and have a direct life cycle

Toxocara  Toxascaris  Ancylostoma  Trichuris  Baylisascaris  Giardia  Cytoisospora  

what are the snail/ slug parasites

Crenosoma vulpis, Crenosoma vulpis, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Eucoleus aerophilus 

explain Crenosoma vulpis

snail/slug → dog

fox lungoworm

coughing

explain Aelurostrongylus abstrusus 

snail/slug → cat

feline lungworm

S-Shaped L1

Baermann

explain Eucoleus aerophilus

dogs: infective eggs

Cats: snail/slug

lungworm

Think snail = LUNG

.

what are the insect parasites

Spirocerca lupi, Physaloptera, Dipylidium caninum, Thelazia 

explain Spirocerca lupi 

dung beetle

Esophageal worm

dog/cat

Esophagus

explain Physaloptera 

IH= insect

stomach worm

vomiting

explain Dipylidium caninum 

flea

tapeworm

scooting/rice-like segments

explain Thelazia 

tear-feeding fly

eyeworm

eye problems

what are the fluke parasites

Alaria, Nanophyetus salmincola, Paragonimus kellicotti, Platynosomum fastosum 

explain Alaria

snail → frog → dog/cat

may use paratenic hosts

fluke

explain Paragonimus kellicotti 

snail→ crayfish → dog/cat

lung fluke

coughing/ hemoptysis

explain Platynosomum fastosum 

snail→ bug→ lizard→ cat

lizard poisoning fluke

liver disease/jaundice

what are the organ parasites

DIctophyma renale, Pearsonema

explain dictophyma renale

kidney worm

earthworm → dog→ Kidney

urine sediment

surgical removal

Explain Pearsonema

bladder worm

Earthworm→ dog/cat → bladder

urine sedimant

what are the tick parasites

Hepatozoon, Babesia

explain Babesia

tick bites dog → parasite enters RBC

signs- anemia, Icterus, hemoglobinuria

explain Cytauxzoon

Tick → cat

bobcay fever

very serious/ fatal disease

explain Toxoplasma

Cat is DH

cats shed oocysts

other warm blooded animals= IH