P.E.E Lesson 5

____

Biodiversity

The diversity/variety of plants and animals & other living things in a particular area.

Biodiversity

Means the number or abundance of different species living within a particular region.

Edward O. Wilson

Who is the father of biodiversity and quoted that “it is reckless to suppose…….”?

Taxonomy

The field of Biology that deals with classifying organisms.

Carolus Linnaeus

Who is the father of Modern Taxonomy?

Carolus Linnaeus

He is considered as the founder of the binomial system of nomenclature and the originator of modern scientific classification of plants & animals.

Binomial Nomenclature

It is identifying organisms by their genus and species’ names and is in 2 words.

Dichotomous Key

It is a series of yes/no questions that state the rules for placing items into categories.

Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animal

What are the 6 kingdoms?

The Three-Domain System

The domain is more inclusive category than any other. (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya)

Eubacteria

Cell walls with peptidoglycan

Archaebacteria

Cell walls do NOT contain peptidoglycan

Archaebacteria

These bacteria live in volcanic hot springs, brine pools, and black organic mud. Most survive in the absence of oxygen.

Protists

Mostly unicellular and examples are Amoeba (bottom) and Paramecium (top)

Fungi

Mostly multicellular but some unicellular and has a cell wall but does NOT make its own food.

Fungi

Mostly known as Decomposers as they change dead organic matter into usable nutrients.

Plant Kingdom

They make food by photosynthesis and most are in green as they contain chlorophyll.

Animal Kingdom

They are multi-cellular and cannot make their own food.

Vertebrates (Backbone) and Invertebrates (No Backbone)

What are the 2 groups animals can be classified into?

Body Symmetry

The arrangement of body parts

Radial Symmetry

Has body parts radiating from a central point. (Ex: Starfish and Hydra)

Bilateral Symmetry

An animal with body parts arranged in pairs on either sides of a central axis (Ex: Humans)

Asymmetry

Irregular body shape

Dorsal(Top of animal or the Back surface), Ventral(Bottom of animal or Belly), Anterior(Front of animal), and Posterior(End of animal)

What are the 4 parts of the body?

Metamorphosis

It is a series of changes during which young insects develop into adults.

Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult

Give the process of a complete metamorphosis (Ex: Butterflies, Beetles, Flies)

Egg, Nymph(a much smaller version of the adult), Adult

Give the process of an incomplete metamorphosis (Ex: Grasshopper and cockroaches)

Biomes

Large areas(ecosystems) with the same type of climax community

Terrestrial

Biomes located on land. (Ex: Tundra, Taiga, Desert, Grassland, Deciduous Forest, and Tropical Rain Forest)

Aquatic

Biomes located in oceans, lakes, streams, or ponds. (Ex: Marine, estuary, and freshwater)

Tundra

Treeless land and only topmost layer of soil thaws during the summer. COLDEST

Bearberry

It is a common plant that can be found in the Tundra.

Taiga

Circles the North Pole and land of mine and more. Warmer and wetter than Tundra

Desert

A large, dry area and an arid region with sparse plant life and occupy about 1/5 of the Earth’s surface.

Temperate Grasslands

Large communities covered with grasses and similar small plants.

Savanna

Grassland with scattered trees and frequent fires and large mammals.

cool and dry, hot and dry, and warm and wet

What are the 3 distinct seasons in Savanna?

Chaparral

Scrubland, regions of dense shrubs along coasts.

Chaparral

Maintained by periodic fires

Temperate Deciduous Forest

A biome that has many deciduous trees which drop their leaves in the fall.

Temperate Deciduous Forest

These forests are also known as broad-leaf forests because of broad-leaved hardwood trees that loose their foliage.

Tropical Rain Forests

It is a hot humid and flourishing dense forest usually found in equator and is found near the equator.

Emergent layer, Canopy, Under story, Shrub layer, and Forest Floor

What are the layers of a tropical rain forest?

Emergent layer

Top most layer of rainforest

Canopy

It is made up the overlapping branches and leaves of rain forest

Under story

A layer made of young trees, short species tree, provide food and shelter for small animals, birds, and large predators.

Shrub layer

Dense and dark with small plants and contains shrub and ferns and other plants needing less light.

Forest Floor

Darkest of all rain forest layer making it extremely difficult for plants to grow.

Marine Biomes(salt water) and Freshwater(rivers, streams, ponds, and most lakes)

Give the 2 categories of aquatic biomes

Marine

Oceans contain the largest amount of biomass or living material of any biome on earth.

Ecologist

They study marine biomes by separating them into different zones.

Freshwater

Full of life but more so around the shoreline and in shallow areas.

Water temperature and sunlight penetration

What are the factors that limits life in freshwater biomes?

Estuary

A coastal body of water, partially surrounded by land and in which freshwater and saltwater mix.