Theorists and their theory (grand)

Virginia Henderson

Definition of nursing

Wants to help patient become independent again

AKA. First lady of nursing

Rosemarie RIZZO PARSE

Theory of human becoming

Humans are in control of their outcomes, it is an ongoing process about becoming

Margret NEWMAN

Health as expanding consciousness (influenced by Rogers)

Interacting and connecting with the environment & recognizing patterns/increasing awareness, helps expand consciousness about illness ( relationships are the focus)

Martha Rogers

Science of unitary human beings

Humans and their environment are inseparable energy fields with unique patterns (must maintain harmony)

Imogene King

Theory of goal attainment

Nurses and patients set goals to work towards together for a healthy outcome

Dorothea Orem

Self care deficit nursing theory

People can take care of themselves, they only need help when there is a deficit and cant maintain their own health

4 aspects: Self care, self agency, basic conditioning factors, therapeutic self care demand

Callista Roy

Adaptation theory

People are adaptive systems with their environment, how individuals adapt to stress and maintain balance contributes to their overall wellbeing

4 modes of adaptation: physiologic, self concept, role function, interdependence

Betty Neuman

Systems model

Views patients as systems, systems have heavy influence on one another. Stress disrupts entire systems

5 variables that influence:

- physiological
- psychological
- sociocultural
- developmental
- spiritual

Human response system: alarm, resistance/adaptation, exhaustion, adjustment/healing

Myra Levine

Conservation theory

Maintain and promote patients wholeness by conserving energy, structure, personal integrity, and social integrity

3 factors that influence conservation: historicity, redundancy, specificity

Jean Watson

Theory of human caring

Caring is essential in nursing, also having a good patient relationship.
Patient should be seen as a whole ( compassionate care)

3 main elements of theories: clinical caritas, transpersonal caring, caring moments/occasions

Ernestine Wiednbach

Helping art of clinical nursing

Nursing is based on the nurses personal philosophy and practice, but is still directed to addressing pt need for help

5 terms to describe nursing: Patient, need for help, clinical judgement, nursing skills, person