Review Sheet – Lab Exam 1 (BIO101)

A set of practice questions covering the scientific method, metric system, laboratory tools, characteristics of life, biomolecules, and cell structure based on BIO101 Lab Exam 1 review notes.

What are the two possible outcomes for a hypothesis in the scientific method?

A hypothesis may be accepted (supported) or rejected.

What qualities must a hypothesis have to be considered "good"?

It must be clearly defined and testable.

True or False: A hypothesis needs to be proven true to be valid.

False; it does not need to be proven true.

On which axis of a graph is the independent variable plotted?

The x-axis.

On which axis of a graph is the dependent variable plotted?

The y-axis.

What is the basic unit of length in the metric system?

The meter.

What multiple does the prefix "centi" represent in the metric system?

A multiple of $0.01$ (or $\frac{1}{100}$).

What multiple does the prefix "kilo" represent in the metric system?

A multiple of $1000$.

What mnemonic is used to assist with metric conversions?

King Henry’s daughter makes delicious chocolate milk.

How many milligrams are in a gram?

$1000\,mg$ in $1\,g$.

What is the magnification of the scanning objective lens?

$4x$.

How do you calculate the total magnification of a microscope?

Multiply the magnification of the eyepiece by the magnification of the objective ($\text{Eyepiece} \times \text{Objective}$).

Which type of focus must never be used with the high power objective?

Coarse focus.

What are the levels of organization for life in the correct order?

Organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere.

Which two taxa are used to define the scientific name of an organism?

Genus and species.

What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Dehydration synthesis builds polymers, while hydrolysis breaks them down.

Proteins are polymers made up of which monomers?

Amino acids.

Which reagent is used to test for the presence of simple sugars?

Benedict's reagent.

Which reagent is used to test for the presence of starch?

Iodine (or Lugol's solution).

Which reagent is used to test for the presence of proteins?

Biuret reagent.

What organelles are found only in plant cells?

Cell wall, chloroplast, and large central vacuole.

What organelle is characteristic of animal cells only?

Centrioles.

What is the function of the ribosome?

Protein synthesis.

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration?

Mitochondria.

What are the three common shapes of prokaryotic cells?

Cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral-shaped).