Amines and Heterocycles

Flashcards covering key concepts, terms, and definitions related to amines and heterocycles in organic chemistry.

Amine

An organic compound derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic groups.

Trimethylamine

A tertiary amine with the formula (CH3)3N, commonly found in fish and some plants.

Basicity of Amines

The tendency of amines to accept protons, influenced by the electron-rich nitrogen atom.

Arylamine

An amine where the nitrogen atom is bonded to an aromatic ring, affecting its basicity.

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

Formula pH = pKa + log([A^-]/[HA]) used to calculate the pH of a buffered solution.

Quaternary Ammonium Salt

A positively charged ion formed by the complete substitution of all four hydrogen atoms in ammonia (NH3) with organic groups.

Reductive Amination

A chemical reaction where an amine is formed by the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with ammonia, followed by reduction.

Hofmann Rearrangement

A reaction that converts primary amides to primary amines with the loss of one carbon atom.

Imidazole

A five-membered heterocyclic compound with two nitrogen atoms, commonly found in histidine.

NMR Spectroscopy

A technique used to observe the local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei, particularly useful in identifying organic compounds.

Diazonium Compound

An organic compound with the functional group R-N2+, which can be transformed into various functional groups through substitution reactions.

Synthesis of Amines

The various methods employed to create amines, including reductive amination and alkylation.

Polyclyclic Heterocycles

Cyclic compounds that contain atoms of at least two different elements in the ring, such as nitrogen in indole and quinoline.

Basicity of Amines vs Amides

Amines are stronger bases than amides due to the electron-rich nature of the nitrogen in amines.

Alkylation of Amines

The introduction of an alkyl group to an amine, forming a secondary or tertiary amine.

Mass Spectrometry

An analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions, aiding in the identification of compounds.