The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

These flashcards encompass key terms and concepts related to neurotransmitters, drug effects, and neuropharmacology methods discussed in the lecture.

Neurotransmitter

A chemical messenger that transmits signals across a chemical synapse from one neuron to another.

Agonist

A substance that mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter.

Antagonist

A substance that binds to a receptor but does not activate it, blocking the action of other ligands.

Endogenous ligands

Substances that the brain produces naturally.

Exogenous substances

Molecules that come from outside the body.

Synaptic Transmission

A complex electrochemical process by which neurotransmitters are released from a neuron and bind to receptors on another neuron.

GABA

Gamma-aminobutyric acid, the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, motor control, and the regulation of mood.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that affects mood, sleep, and appetite.

Neuropharmacology

The study of how drugs affect the nervous system.

Drug tolerance

A phenomenon in which the response to a drug diminishes with repeated use.

Psychoactive Drugs

Compounds that alter the functioning of the brain and conscious experience.

Naloxone

A medication used to block the effects of opioids, especially during an overdose.

Drug Abuse

The habitual taking of addictive or illegal drugs.

Psychiatric illness

A disorder that affects mental function, emotion, and behavior.

Opiates

Natural or synthetic drugs derived from opium, used primarily to relieve pain.

Hallucinogens

Drugs that alter sensory perception and produce peculiar experiences.

Endocannabinoids

Naturally occurring compounds in the body that bind to cannabinoid receptors.

Stimulants

Substances that increase nervous system activity.

Caffeine

A central nervous system stimulant that can increase alertness.

Withdrawal symptoms

Physical or psychological effects that occur when a person stops using an addictive substance.

Substance-Related Disorders

Conditions that include a strong desire to take a substance, difficulties in controlling its use, and continued use despite harmful consequences.

Cue-induced drug use

The increased likelihood of using a drug due to environmental cues paired with past drug use.