Chem tests, salts and ions

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These include all the PH reactions, indicators, Cations, Anions, gases and compound tests which are necessary to memorise for the double award chemistry gcse edexcel curriculum

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39 Terms

1
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carbonates test

By adding an acid (HCl) and testing the gas produced for CO2

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Products of a reaction between a carbonate and an acid

A salt, water, carbon dioxide

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CO2 test

Lime water turns from clear to milky

4
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Name the main four pH indicators

  • Universal indicator

  • Litmus paper

  • Phenolphethalein

  • Methyl orange

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How does litmus paper indicator work

-Acidic solutions turn red

-Neutral solutions turn purple

-Alkaline solutions turn blue

It can not show the strength of these solutions

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How does Phenolphthalein indicator work

Turns from colourless in acids and neutrals to bright pink in alkalis

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How does Methyl orange indicator work

Turns from red in acids to yellow in alkalis

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Products of a reaction between a metal and an acid

Salt + Hydrogen

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What is the test for sulfates?

  • Nitric acid + Barium Chloride solution, BaCl2 (Can be any acid other than sulphuric).

  • A positive test forms a white precipitate

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Why is nitric acid added to the test for sulfates and halides?

To react with traces of carbonate or sulfide ions so that they may interfere with the results

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What are halides

Ions of halogens

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What is the test for halides

Nitric acid + silver nitrate

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What is the result of a positive chloride test

A white precipitate (Silver chloride, AgCl)

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What is the result of a positive bromide test

A cream precipitate (Silver bromide, AgBr)

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What is the result of a positive Iodine test

A yellow precipitate (Silver Iodide, AgI)

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What reactants create soluble salts

An acid + an insoluble base

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What is the difference between a base and an alkaline

An alkaline is a base which can be disolved in water

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Describe the procedure of forming a soluble salt

  • The acid is heated

  • The insoluble base is added to the acid in excess

  • The solution is filtered to remove excess solid

  • The solution is slowly heated to evaporate some of the water

  • The solution is left to cool and the salt crystalises

  • Filter of the solid crytals and let them dry

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Give an example reaction equation which would produce a soluble salt

Copper oxide (CuO) + Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) reacts to form Copper sulfate (CuSO4) + water (H2O)

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What is the test for water

Dehydrated copper sulfate crytals turn from white to blue in the presence of water

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What is the positive test for Lithium ions (Li+)

Red flames

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What is the positive test for Sodium ions (Na+)

Yellow flames

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What is the positive test for Potassium ions (K+)

Lilac flames

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What is the positive test for Calcium ions (Ca2+)

Orange-red flames

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What is the positive test for Copper ions (Cu2+)

Blue-green flames

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How is the flame test for metal cations conducted?

  • A platinum or nichrome wire piece is cut

  • The wire is dipped in HCl acid to clean it

  • It is then dipped in the sample metal and held over the blue part of the bunsen flame

  • The wire can be cleaned and used again

27
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what is the cations coloured precipitate test

Adding a few drops of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to a metal ion sample which should form a colourful precipitate

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What is the result of a Copper II (Cu2+) test?

A blue precipitate

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What is the result of an Iron II (Fe2+) test?

A sludgy green precipitate

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What is the result of an Iron III (Fe3+) test?

A reddish brown precipitate

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What is the result of an ammonium ion test?

Red litmus paper turns blue

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How is an ammonium ion test conducted?

  • A few drops of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are added to an ammonium solution

  • Damp litmus paper is held over the test tube to pick up on ammonia gas

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What is the test for chlorine gas?

Damp blue limus paper turns white

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What is the test for Oxygen gas?

It relights a glowing splint

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What is the test for Hydrogen gas?

It burns with a squeaky pop

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What is the test for ammonia gas?

Damp blue litmus paper turns red

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Results of a reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxides

A salt + water

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Results of a reaction between an acid and a metal oxides

A salt + water

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What is the name of the precipitate formed when limewater reacts with CO2

Calcium carbonate